Abstract
The nine Viola pilosa Blume populations studied from Pir Panjal contained 20 chromosomes. This count is not reported so far in Indian populations. Currently, comparison of tapetal and meiotic cells revealed the existence of synchrony in different developmental phases. Young tapetal cells at prometaphase co-occurred with the pollen mother cells (PMCs) at diakinesis to metaphase, mature tapetal cells with disintegrated chromatin material co-occurred with tetrads and no tapetal cells were found at mature pollen stage. Cytological studies in young tapetal cells revealed most of these to be endopolyploid, with each having 40 chromosomes. While outnumbering somatic cells contained clear 40 chromosomes which seemed to be the outcome of endomitosis, a sizeable number of cells possessed 40 sticky chromosomes at metaphase. Later chromosomes are likely to form restitution nucleus. Mature tapetal cells, occurring singly/cytomictically connected (3.2–26.31%) or showing coalescence (10.5–22.8%), did not contain recognizable chromosomes. Instead, they were characterized by disintegrated nuclear content. Further, meiotic studies revealed that the present population contained all/outnumbering euploid cells (2n=20); many of which exhibited nearly regular behaviour. However, 6.5–26.9% meiocytes of eight populations and 47% cells of P-Khe population depicted aneuploidy/contained quadri-octavalents, with per cent pollen viabilities of these ranging from 38.6 to 49.9. Going by the normal tapetal development in V. pilosa, existence of various chromosomal anomalies seems to have accounted for the reduction in gametic fertility of this taxon.
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Acknowledgements
Authors thank SERB for awarding the project entitled ‘Assessment of cytological, biochemical and molecular variability in Viola species from Jammu and Kashmir’ (file no. CRG/2018/003919 dated 13 May 2019). The first author is thankful to CSIR-HRDG, New Delhi for providing Junior and Senior Research Fellowship vide file no. 09/100(0208)/2018-EMR-I and UGC (University Grants Commission), New Delhi for necessary facilities to the department under SAP-DRS-II. The anonymous reviewer and Prof. Namrata Sharma is thanked for valuable inputs.
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Iqbal, T., Sharma, G. First detection of endopolyploidy in tapetal cells and chromosomal anomalies in meiocytes of Viola pilosa cytotypes (2n=20) from Pir Panjal (Himalayas). J Genet 102, 19 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-022-01415-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-022-01415-5