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Update on Central Nervous System Effects of HIV in Adolescents and Young Adults

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Abstract

Purpose of Review.

Behaviorally acquired (non-perinatal) HIV infection during adolescence and young adulthood occurs in the midst of key brain developmental processes such as frontal lobe neuronal pruning and myelination of white matter, but we know little about the effects of new infection and therapy on the developing brain.

Recent Findings

Adolescents and young adults account for a disproportionately high fraction of new HIV infections each year. Limited data exist regarding neurocognitive performance in this age group, but suggest impairment is at least as prevalent as in older adults, despite lower viremia, higher CD4 + T cell counts, and shorter durations of infection in adolescents/young adults. Neuroimaging and neuropathologic studies specific to this population are underway.

Summary

The full impact of HIV on brain growth and development in youth with behaviorally acquired HIV has yet to be determined; it must be investigated further to develop future targeted treatment and mitigation strategies.

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Funding

The authors received funding from the National Institutes of Health K23 NS094069 (McGuire), R01 MH126773 (Grinspan, Jordan-Sciutto, McGuire), and R01 MH098742 (Grinspan, Jordan-Sciutto).

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Author notes

  1. Judith B. Grinspan and Kelly L. Jordan-Sciutto contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3501 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Jennifer L. McGuire & Judith B. Grinspan

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Jennifer L. McGuire

  3. Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Jennifer L. McGuire & Judith B. Grinspan

  4. Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Kelly L. Jordan-Sciutto

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  1. Jennifer L. McGuire
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  3. Kelly L. Jordan-Sciutto
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Correspondence to Jennifer L. McGuire.

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McGuire, J.L., Grinspan, J.B. & Jordan-Sciutto, K.L. Update on Central Nervous System Effects of HIV in Adolescents and Young Adults. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 20, 19–28 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-023-00651-3

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