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Research Progress on Structural Characteristics, Structure-Application Relationships, and Environmental Application of Biochar-Supported Zero Valent Iron (ZVI-BC)

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The biochar-supported zero valent iron (ZVI-BC) can effectively prevent oxidation and agglomeration of ZVI, and improve the utilization rate of ZVI. Recent reviews of ZVI-BC mainly focus on the preparation methods, characterization techniques, and reaction mechanism with pollutants. Since the structural characteristics of biochar have a great impact on Fe0 loading, a comprehensive review of the structural characteristics of biochar is needed to explain its influence on ZVI formation during preparation. And in application of ZVI-BC, the environmental effects on organisms need to be considered. This review of recent research results provides a perspective for understanding the structural characteristics, preparation factors, and ecotoxicity of ZVI-BC.

Recent Findings

The adsorption capacity of ZVI-BC prepared by conventional methods still needs to be improved. The surface-area-normalized reaction rate constant (kSA) of ZVI-BC can be increased to about 180 times by surface modification, adding a stabilizer, element doping, and other modification methods. Recent research on ecotoxicity has shown mostly positive effects of ZVI-BC on microorganisms, animals, and plants during environmental remediation.

Summary

This work reviews the effect of biochar as a support matrix on Fe0 production. The pollutant removal performance is summarized considering the elemental composition, phase components, and surface chemical properties. Also, we discuss the effect of ZVI-BC preparation on contaminant removal and propose methods to optimize the performance of ZVI-BC. The kSA was used to conduct a meta-analysis of kinetic data to illustrate the properties of ZVI-BC. In addition, we evaluate the ecotoxicity of using ZVI-BC in environmental remediation.

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Acknowledgements

This research was mainly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22176113). The authors thank Dr. Pamela Holt (Shandong University) for the assistance in preparation of the manuscript.

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  1. Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China

    Fengmin Li, Xiao Wang & Chunhua Xu

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  1. Fengmin Li
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Fengmin Li wrote the main manuscript text, Xiao Wang performed the data analysis and prepared figures, and Chunhua Xu wrote part of the introduction, revised the manuscript, and approved the final version. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Li, F., Wang, X. & Xu, C. Research Progress on Structural Characteristics, Structure-Application Relationships, and Environmental Application of Biochar-Supported Zero Valent Iron (ZVI-BC). Curr Pollution Rep 9, 292–311 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-023-00260-z

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