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Quantitative phase analysis of commercial ammonium phosphates by PXRD for application in biological systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 May 2023

Fabio F. Ferreira Open the ORCID record for Fabio F. Ferreira [Opens in a new window] ,
Aline P. C. Pereira ,
Ianny B. Reis ,
Bianca R. S. Sasaki ,
Wagner J. Fávaro  and
Nelson Durán
Fabio F. Ferreira*
Affiliation:
Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
Aline P. C. Pereira
Affiliation:
Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
Ianny B. Reis
Affiliation:
Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
Bianca R. S. Sasaki
Affiliation:
Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
Wagner J. Fávaro
Affiliation:
Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
Nelson Durán*
Affiliation:
Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
*
a)Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: fabio.furlan@ufabc.edu.br and nduran@unicamp.br
a)Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: fabio.furlan@ufabc.edu.br and nduran@unicamp.br
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Abstract

Although being an old concern, phosphate analysis is still a tremendous challenge. While many different experimental techniques are found in the literature, very few use powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns for quantitative phase analysis of different phosphate types. Our measurements performed in four commercial samples of diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) (DAP) show the existence of phosphate contamination mixtures, such as ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4) (ADP). The larger the amount of ADP, the larger the microstrain induced in the DAP phase, which impacts both the aggregation of the nanoparticles in solution and the final anticancer activity of the nanostructure. This study shows that PXRD is an excellent technique for quantitative phase analysis to determine the presence and amount of phosphate contamination in diammonium hydrogen phosphate samples.

Keywords

phosphateammonium phosphate saltsPXRDquantitative phase analysis
Type
Technical Article
Information
Powder Diffraction , Volume 38 , Issue 3 , September 2023 , pp. 168 - 179
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Centre for Diffraction Data

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