Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The Human Infrastructure of Civic Data: A Taxonomy for Participatory Infrastructuring of Civic Data

  • ECSCW Contribution
  • Published:
Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

As data becomes available online, it often remains inaccessible to marginalized communities where the resources, skills, and knowledge required to access and use such data are unevenly distributed. To make data more accessible to one such marginalized community in Atlanta’s Westside neighborhood, I participated in infrastructuring their civic data using city commons framework developed by Balestrini et al. This process involved three steps: taking a design based ethnographic approach to investigate a data dashboard, organizing data literacy workshops, and reimagining what a community-owned and operated form of data infrastructure would look like. My three-step process led me to identify the human infrastructure, which includes the individuals, organizations, values, needs, resources, and capital needed to do the work of infrastructuring civic data. I organize these elements of the human infrastructure into a taxonomy I call the Human Infrastructure of Civic Data (HICD). The HICD builds on the city commons framework and offers the CSCW community a taxonomy that can be used to identify the human infrastructure within communities and engage them in infrastructuring their civic data.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

The qualitative data collected for this study cannot be publicly shared due to the risk of reidentification that exists for such data.

Notes

  1. Pseudonym.

References

  • Aanestad, Margunn; Bob Jolliffe; Arunima Mukherjee; and Sundeep Sahay (2014). Infrastructuring work: Building a state-wide hospital information infrastructure in India. Information Systems Research, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 834–845.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andrason, Alexander; and Francois van Schalkwyk (2017). Opportune Niches in Data Ecosystems: Open Data Intermediaries in the Agriculture Sector in Ghana. Development Economics: Agriculture. SSRN.

  • Aoki, Paul M.; R. J. Honicky; Alan Mainwaring; Chris Myers; Eric Paulos; Sushmita Subramanian; and Allison Woodruff (2009). A Vehicle for Research: Using Street Sweepers to Explore the Landscape of Environmental Community Action. CHI’09. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Boston, MA, 4–9 April 2009. New York: ACM Press, pp. 375–384.

  • Asad, Mariam; Christopher A. Le Dantec; Becky Nielsen; and Kate Diedrick (2017). Creating a Sociotechnical API: Designing City-Scale Community Engagement. CHI’17. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Denver, CO, 6–11 May 2017. New York: ACM Press, pp. 2295–2306.

  • Balestrini, Mara; Jon Bird; Paul Marshall; Alberto Zaro; and Yvonne Rogers (2014). Understanding sustained community engagement: A case study in heritage preservation in rural Argentina. CHI’14. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Toronto, Canada, 26 April - 1 May 2014. New York: ACM Press, pp. 2675–2684.

  • Balestrini, Mara; Tomas Diez; Paul Marshall; Alexander Gluhak; and Yvonne Rogers (2015). IoT Community Technologies: Leaving Users to Their Own Devices or Orchestration of Engagement? EAI Endorsed Transactions on Internet of Things, vol. 1, no. 1.

  • Balestrini, Mara; Yvonne Rogers; Carolyn Hassan; Javi Creus; Martha King; and Paul Marshall (2017). A city in common: A framework to orchestrate large-scale citizen engagement around urban issues. CHI’17. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Denver, CO, 6–11 May 2017. New York: ACM Press pp. 2282–2294.

  • Bhargava, Rahul. Remix a Visualization. https://databasic.io/en/culture/remix. databasic.io. Accessed March 30, 2023.

  • Blomberg, Jeanette; Mark Burrell; and Greg Guest (2003). An ethnographic approach to design. In J. Jacko (ed), The Human Computer Interaction Handbook. Boca Raton: CRC Press, pp. 964–986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, Pierre (1986). The Forms of Capital. In Mark Granovetter. (ed.), The Sociology of Economic Life. New York: Routledge, pp. 78-92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowker, Geoffrey C. (1994). Science on the run: Information management and industrial geophysics at Schlumberger, 1920-1940. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowker, Geoffrey C.; and Susan Leigh Star (1999). Sorting Things Out: Classification and its Consequences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandwani, Rajesh; and Neha Kumar (2018). Stitching infrastructures to facilitate Telemedicine for low-resource environments CHI’18. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Montreal, Canada, 21–26 April 2018. New York, NY: ACM Press, pp. 384:1–12.

  • Clarke, Adele E. (2005). Situational analysis: Grounded theory after the postmodern turn. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Costanza-Chock, Sasha (2018). Design Justice: Towards an intersectional feminist framework for design theory and practice. In Storni, C.; Leahy, K.; McMahon, M.; Lloyd, P.; and Bohemia, E. (eds.), Design as a catalyst for change - DRS International Conference, 25–28 June 2018, Limerick, Ireland.

  • Costanza-Chock, Sasha (2020). Design justice: Community-Led Practices to Build the Worlds We Need. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Creswell, John W.; and Dana L. Miller (2000). Determining Validity in Qualitative Inquiry. Theory Into Practice, vol. 39, no 3, pp. 124–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Le Dantec, Christopher A.; and Carl DiSalvo (2013). Infrastructuring and the formation of publics in participatory design. Social Studies of Science, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 241–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Ignazio, Catherine; and Lauren F. Klein (2016). Feminist Data Visualization. VIS4DH’16. Workshop on Visualization for the Digital Humanities, Baltimore, 21 October 2016.

  • D’Ignazio, Catherine; and Lauren F. Klein (2020). Data Feminism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • D’Ignazio, Catherine; and Rahul Bhargava (n.d.). Data Culture Project. https://databasic.io/en/culture/. databasic.io. Accessed March 30, 2023.

  • Dickinson, Jessa; Mark Díaz; Sheena Erete; and Denise Linn Riedl (2018). Inclusion of Underserved Residents in City Technology Planning. CHI’18. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Montreal, Canada, 21–26 April 2018. New York, NY: ACM Press, pp 1–6.

  • Dombrowski, Lynn; Ellie Harmon; and Sarah Fox (2016). Social justice-oriented interaction design: Outlining key design strategies and commitments. DIS’16. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems, Brisbane, Australia, 4 - 8 June 2016. New York, NY: ACM Press, pp. 656–671.

  • Dörk, Marian; Patrick Feng; Christopher Collins; and Sheelagh Carpendale (2013). Critical InfoVis: Exploring the Politics of Visualization. CHI EA’13. Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Paris, France, 27 April – 2 May 2013. pp 2189 – 2198.

  • Dye, Michaelanne; David Nemer; Josiah Mangiameli; Amy S. Bruckman; and Neha Kumar (2018). El Paquete Semanal: The Week’s Internet in Havana. CHI’18. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Montreal, Canada, 21–26 April 2018. New York, NY: ACM Press. pp 639:1–12.

  • Erickson, Ingrid; and Steven Sawyer (2019). Infrastructuring as bricolage: Thinking like a contemporary knowledge worker. In M. Kornberger; G. C. Bowker; J. Elyachar; A. Mennicken; P. Miller; J. R. Nucho; N. Pollock (eds) Thinking Infrastructures, Emerald Publishing Limited, vol. 62, pp. 321–334.

  • Freire, Paulo (2000). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York, NY: Bloomsbury Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, Jonathan; Carolin Gerlitz; and Liliana Bounegru (2018). Data infrastructure literacy. Big Data and Society, vol. 5, no. 2, July 2018.

  • Gui, Xinning; and Yunan Chen (2019). Making healthcare infrastructure work: Unpacking the infrastructuring work of individuals. CHI’19. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Glasgow, UK, 4 - 9 May 2019. New York, NY: ACM Press. pp. 458:1–458:14.

  • Hara, Kotaro; Vicki Le; and Jon Froehlich (2013). Combining crowdsourcing and google street view to identify street-level accessibility problems. CHI’13. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Paris, France, 27 April - 2 May 2013. New York, NY: ACM Press. pp. 631–640.

  • Haraway, Donna (1988). Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective. Feminist Studies, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 575-599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Irani, Lilly C.; and Michael ‘Six’ Silberman (2013). Turkopticon: Interrupting worker invisibility in Amazon Mechanical Turk. CHI’13. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Paris, France, 27 April - 2 May 2013. New York, NY: ACM Press. pp 611–620.

  • JafariNaimi, Nassim; Lisa P. Nathan; and Ian Hargraves (2015). Values as Hypotheses: Design, Inquiry, and the Service of Values. Design Issues, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 91-104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, Rikke Bjerg; Lizzie Coles-Kemp; and Reem Talhouk (2020). CHI’20. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Paris, France, 25 - 30 April 2020. New York, NY: ACM Press. pp 118:1–14.

  • Johnson, J. A. (2016). The value–and limits–of distributive justice in a justice-centered approach to information privacy. Proceedings of the Digital Sociology Conference, at the Western Political Science Association Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, 24 – 26 March 2016.

  • Karasti, Helena; and Jeanette Blomberg (2018). Studying Infrastructuring Ethnographically. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 233–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kitchin, Rob; and Tracey P. Lauriault (2014). Towards Critical Data Studies: Charting and Unpacking Data Assemblages and Their Work. In J. Thatcher; J. Eckert; and A. Shears (eds): Thinking Big Data in Geography: New Regimes, New Research, Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, pp. 3–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitchin, Rob; Sophia Maalsen; and Gavin McArdle (2015). The Praxis and Politics of Building Urban Dashboards. Geoforum, vol. 77, pp. 93-101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kitchin, Rob; Tracey P. Lauriault; and Gavin McArdle (2015). Urban indicators and dashboards: Epistemology, contradictions and power/knowledge. Regional Studies, Regional Science, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 43–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Korn, Matthias; and Amy Voida (2015). Creating Friction: Infrastructuring Civic Engagement in Everyday Life. CA'15. Proceedings of The Fifth Decennial Aarhus Conference on Critical Alternatives, Aarhus, Denmark, 17 – 21 August 2015. pp. 145–156.

  • Latour, Bruno (2005). Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, Charlotte P.; Paul Dourish; and Gloria Mark (2006). The Human Infrastructure of Cyberinfrastructure. (CSCW’06). Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Banff, Alberta, Canada, 4 – 8 November 2006. New York, NY: ACM Press. pp. 483–492.

  • Le Dantec, Christopher A.; Mariam Asad; Aditi Misra; and Kari E. Watkins (2015). Planning with Crowdsourced Data: Rhetoric and Representation in Transportation Planning. CSCW '15. Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 14–18 March 2015. New York, NY: ACM Press. pp. 1717–1727.

  • Le Dantec, Christopher; and Sarah Fox. (2015). Strangers at the Gate: Gaining Access, Building Rapport, and Co-Constructing Community-Based Research. CSCW’15. Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 14–18 March 2015. New York, NY: ACM Press. pp. 1348–1358.

  • Loukissas, Yanni (2019). All Data Are Local: Thinking Critically in a Data-Driven Society. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Loukissas, Yanni. Civic Data Guide: Thinking Critically About Digital Public Records. https://serve-learn-sustain.gatech.edu/civic-data-guides-thinking-critically-about-digital-public-records. Accessed March 30, 2023.

  • Mansuri, Ghazala; and Vijayendra Rao (2004). Community-Based and -Driven Development: A Critical Review. The World Bank Research Observer, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 1–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manzini, Ezio (2015). Design, When Everybody Designs: An Introduction to Design for Social Innovation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Mark, Gloria; Ban Al-Ani; and Bryan Semaan (2009). Repairing Human Infrastructure in a War Zone. ISCRAM’09. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, Gothenburg, Sweden, 10–13 May 2009.

  • Maskell, Thomas; Clara Crivellaro; Robert Anderson; Tom Nappey; Vera Araújo-Soares; and Kyle Montague (2018). Spokespeople: Exploring Routes to Action through Citizen-Generated Data. CHI’18. Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Montreal, Canada, 21–26 April 2018. New York, NY: ACM Press, pp. 405:1–12.

  • Msiska, Brown; and Petter Nielsen (2017). A Framework to Assess and Address Human Capacities Needed to Leverage Open Source Software Platforms in Developing Countries. In J. Choudrie; M. Sirajul Islam; F. Wahid; J. M. Bass; and J. E. Priyatma (eds): ICT4D’17. Information and Communication Technologies for Development, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 22–24 May 2017. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, vol. 504, pp. 81–92.

  • Muller, Michael; Ingrid Lange; Dakuo Wang; David Piorkowski; Jason Tsay; Q. Vera Liao; Casey Dugan; and Thomas Erickson (2019). How Data Science Workers Work with Data: Discovery, Capture, Curation, Design, Creation. CHI’19. Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Glasgow, UK, 4 - 9 May 2019. New York, NY: ACM Press. pp. 126:1–15.

  • Otto, Ton; and Rachel C. Smith (2013). Design anthropology: A distinct style of knowing. In W. Gunn; T. Otto; R.C. Smith (eds): Design anthropology: Theory and Practice. London, United Kingdom: Routledge, pp. 1–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parvin, Nassim (2018). Doing Justice to Stories: On Ethics and Politics of Digital Storytelling. Engaging Science, Technology, and Society, vol. 4, pp. 515-534.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pasquale, Frank (2015). The black box society: The secret algorithms that control money and information. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

  • Peer, Firaz; and Carl DiSalvo (2019). Workshops as Boundary Objects for Data Infrastructure Literacy and Design. In DIS’19. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems, San Diego, CA, USA, 23 - 28 June 2019. New York, NY: ACM Press, pp. 1363–1375.

  • Peer, Firaz (2022). A Participatory Approach to Eliciting Local Values of Civic Data Justice. PDC’22. Proceedings of the Participatory Design Conference, Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom, 19 August – 1 December 2022. New York, NY: ACM Press, vol. 1, pp. 147–157.

  • Peer, Firaz; and Carl DiSalvo (2022). The Work of Infrastructural Bricoleurs in Building Civic Data Dashboards. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction (PACM), vol. 6, issue. CSCW1, pp. 124:1-25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollock, Neil; and Robin Williams (2009). Software and Organisations: The Biography of the Enterprise-Wide System or How SAP Conquered the World. London, United Kingdom: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prost, Sebastian; Vasilis Vlachokyriakos; Jane Midgley; Graeme Heron; Kahina Meziant; and Clara Crivellaro (2019). Infrastructuring food democracy: The formation of a local food hub in the context of socio-economic deprivation. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction (PACM), vol. 3, issue. CSCW, pp. 57:1-27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Regan, Tim; David Sweeney; John Helmes; Vasilis Vlachokyriakos; Siãn Lindley; and Alex Taylor (2015). Designing Engaging Data in Communities. CHI EA’15. Proceedings of the ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 18–23 April 2015. New York, NY: ACM Press. pp. 271–274.

  • Renken, Jaco; and Richard Heeks (2017). A conceptual framework of ICT4D champion origins. In J. Choudrie; M. Sirajul Islam; F. Wahid; J. M. Bass; and J. E. Priyatma (eds): ICT4D’17. Information and Communication Technologies for Development, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 22–24 May 2017. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, vol. 504, pp. 842–847.

  • Sambasivan, Nithya; and Thomas Smyth (2010). The human infrastructure of ICTD. ICTD '10. Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development, London, United Kingdom, 13–16 December 2010. New York, NY: ACM Press. pp. 40:1–9.

  • Sarikaya, Alper; Michael Correll; Lyn Bartram; Melanie Tory; and Danyel Fisher (2019). What Do We Talk About When We Talk About Dashboards? IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 682-692.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sawyer, Steve; Ingrid Erickson; and Mohammad Hossein Jarrahi (2019). Infrastructural Competence. In J. Vertesi; and D. Ribes (eds): Digital STS Handbook: A Field Guide for Science & Technology Studies. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University Press, pp. 267-279.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Semaan, Bryan; and Gloria Mark (2011). Technology-Mediated Social Arrangements to Resolve Breakdowns in Infrastructure During Ongoing Disruption. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (ToCHI), vol. 18, no. 4, December 2011, pp. 1–21.

  • Star, Susan Leigh (1999). The Ethnography of Infrastructure. American Behavioral Scientist, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 377–391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Star, Susan Leigh; and Anselm Strauss (1999). Layers of Silence, Arenas of Voice: The Ecology of Visible and Invisible Work. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), vol. 8, pp. 9–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, Anselm (1988). The Articulation of Project Work: An Organizational Process. Sociological Quarterly, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 163–178.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Suchman, Lucy (2002). Located Accountabilities in Technology Production. Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 91-105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Talhouk, Reem; Madeline Balaam; Austin L. Toombs; Andrew Garbett; Chaza Akik; Hala Ghattas; Vera Araujo-Soares; Balsam Ahmad; and Kyle Montague (2019). Involving Syrian Refugees in Design Research: Lessons Learnt from the Field. DIS’19. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems, San Diego, CA, USA, 23 - 28 June 2019. New York, NY: ACM Press, pp. 1583–1594.

  • Taylor, Nick; Keith Cheverst; Peter Wright; and Patrick Olivier (2013). Leaving the Wild: Lessons from Community Technology Handovers. CHI’13. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Paris, France, 27 April - 2 May 2013. New York, NY: ACM Press. pp. 1549–1558.

  • Tygel, Alan Freihof; and Rosana Kirsch (2015). Contributions of Paulo Freire for a Critical Data Literacy: A Popular Education Approach. The Journal of Community Informatics, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 108–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toyama, Kentaro (2011). Technology as Amplifier in International Development. iConf’11. Proceedings of the iConference, Seattle, Washington, USA, 8–11 February 2011. New York, NY: ACM Press. pp. 75–82.

  • Vlachokyriakos, Vasilis; Clara Crivellaro; Pete Wright; and Patrick Olivier (2018). Infrastructuring the Solidarity economy: Unpacking strategies and tactics in designing social innovation. CHI’18. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Montreal, Canada, 21–26 April 2018. New York, NY: ACM Press, pp. 481:1–12.

  • Vlachokyriakos, Vasillis; Rob Comber; Clara Crivellaro; Nick Taylor; Stacey Kuznetsov; Andrea Kavanaugh; Christopher A. Le Dantec; and Kim B. Joon (2015). Designing Alternative Systems for Local Communities. CHI EA’15. Proceedings of the ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 18–23 April 2015. New York, NY: ACM Press. pp. 2333–2336.

  • Woolcock, Michael (2001). Microenterprise and Social Capital: A Framework for Theory, Research, and Policy. The Journal of Socio-Economics, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 193-198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yardi, Sarita (2010). A Theory of Technical Capital. Position Paper in Technology Mediated Social Participation Workshop, Arlington, VA, USA, 22–23 April 2010.

Download references

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank everyone from the Historic Westside community and the Historic Westside University Alliance who made this research possible. I would also like to thank Andrew Schrock, the anonymous reviewers, and the editorial staff for reading the drafts of this paper and guiding me towards publication.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA

    Firaz Peer

Authors
  1. Firaz Peer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Firaz Peer.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Peer, F. The Human Infrastructure of Civic Data: A Taxonomy for Participatory Infrastructuring of Civic Data. Comput Supported Coop Work 32, 825–859 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-023-09470-x

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-023-09470-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation