Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Evaluation of nutrient management and method of planting on crop productivity of aerobic rice and estimating the water saving in aerobic using FAO-CROPWAT model

  • Article
  • Published:
Paddy and Water Environment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Rice is one of the most important cereal crops and is a prime target for water conservation because it is the most widely grown crop under flood irrigation. Rapidly depleting water resources threaten the sustainability of the irrigated rice production, the livelihood of rice producers and consumers, and ultimately the food security. By considering this, a field experiment was conducted with aerobic rice by evaluating different methods of planting and nutrient management practices. Treatment details are as follows: (A) method of planting, such as transplanted and direct line sowing, and (B) different nutrient management regimes (viz., T1–125% application of inorganic fertilizers; T2–100% application of inorganic fertilizers; and T3–100% application of organic manures). Results showed that, among the methods of planting, direct line sowing performed better in terms of plant growth and yield parameters. With respect to nutrient management, 125% of recommended dose of inorganic N fertilizers produced a higher yield compared to other treatments, and the difference was statistically significant. Organic manure applied as a treatment produced the lowest crop growth parameters and yield. Furthermore, water requirements for aerobic and anaerobic rice were compared using FAO-CROPWAT, and results revealed a 36.4% water saving.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

References

  • Ali A, Erenstein O, Rahut DB (2014) Impact of direct rice-sowing technology on rice producers earnings: empirical evidence from Pakistan. Develop Stud Res Open Access J 1(1):244–254

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen RG, Pereira LS, Raes D, Smith M (1998) Crop evapotranspiration - guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, FAO, Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • Arbat G, Cufí S, Duran-Ros M, Pinsach J, Puig-Bargués J, Pujol J, Ramírez de Cartagena F (2020) Modeling approaches for determining dripline depth and irrigation frequency of subsurface drip irrigated rice on different soil textures. Water 12(6):1724

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnaby JY, McClungAM EJD, Pinson SR (2022) Identification of quantitative trait loci for tillering, root, and shoot biomass at the maximum tillering stage in rice. Sci Rep 12(1):1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatt R, Kukal SS, Busari MA, Arora S, Yadav M (2016) Sustainability issues on rice–wheat cropping system. Int Soil Water Conserv Res 4(1):64–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatt R, Hossain A, Hasanuzzaman M (2019) Adaptation strategies to mitigate the evapotranspiration for sustainable crop production: a perspective of rice-wheat cropping system. Agronomic crops. Springer, Singapore, pp 559–581

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bouman BA, Humphreys E, Tuong TP, Barker R (2007) Rice and Water. Adv Agron 92:187–237

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chadhar AR, Nadeem MA, Ali HH, Safdar ME, Raza A, Adnan M, Hussain M, Ali L, Javaid MM (2020) Quantifying the impact of plant spacing and critical weed competition period on fine rice production under the system of rice intensification. Int J Agri Biol 24(5):1142–1148

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chakraborty D, Ladha JK, Rana DS, Jat ML, Gathala MK, Yadav S, Rao AN, Ramesha MS, Raman A (2017) A global analysis of alternative tillage and crop establishment practices for economically and environmentally efficient rice production. Sci Rep 7(1):1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Day PR (1965) Particle fractionation and particle-size analysis. Methods of soil analysis: part 1 physical and mineralogical properties. Includ Stat of Measure Sampl. Wiley, New York, pp 545–567

    Google Scholar 

  • de Avila LA, Martini LFD, Mezzomo RF, Refatti JP, Campos R, Cezimbra DM, Machado SLO, Massey JH, Carlesso R, Marchesan E (2015) Rice water use efficiency and yield under continuous and intermittent irrigation. Agron J 107(2):442–448

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Borja Reis AF, Vasconcelos ALS, de Almeida REM, Lago BC, Dias CTS, Favarin JL (2018) Relationship of nitrogen and crop performance in aerobic rice and continuous flooding irrigation in weathered tropical lowland. Eur J Agron 95:14–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dhillon SK, Bhatia D, Gill GK, Singh P, Mangat GS (2022) Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants under Changing Climatic Conditions. Punjab Agricultural University Website.http://web.pau.edu/caftpbg/. Accessed September 6, 2022

  • DOES (2022) Agricultural statistics at a glance. Department of Economics and Statistics, Government of Kerala, India

    Google Scholar 

  • Doorenbos J, Kassam A (1979) Yield response to water. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, FAO, Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • Dwivedi BS, Shukla AK, Singh VK, Yadav RL (2003) Improving nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiencies through inclusion of forage cowpea in the rice–wheat systems in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Field Crops Res 80(3):167–193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farooq MS, Uzair M, Maqbool Z, Fiaz S, Yousuf M, Yang SH, Khan MR (2022) Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Aerobic Rice Based on Insights Into the Ecophysiology of Archaeal and Bacterial Ammonia Oxidizers. Front Plant Sci 13:913204. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.913204

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gabr MES (2022) Management of irrigation requirements using FAO-CROPWAT 8.0 model: a case study of Egypt. Model Earth Syst Environ 8(3):3127–3142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gabr ME, Fattouh EM (2021) Assessment of irrigation management practices using FAO-CROPWAT 8, case studies: Tina Plain and East South El-Kantara, Sinai. Egypt Ain Shams Eng J 12(2):1623–1636

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gopinath PP, Parsad R, Joseph B, Adarsh VS (2021) GrapesAgri1: collection of shiny apps for data analysis in agriculture. J Open Source Softw 6(63):3437

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta RK, Naresh RK, Hobbs PR, Jiaguo Z, Ladha JK (2003) Sustainability of post-Green Revolution agriculture: the rice–wheat cropping systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plains and China. Improving the productivity and sustainability of rice-wheat systems: issues and Impacts. Wiley, New York, pp 1–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Hafeez-ur-Rehman AN, Awan MI, Muhammad I, Mubshar H, Shakeel A, Muhammad F (2019) Direct seeding in rice: problems and prospects. Agronomic Crops: 1: production Technologies. Springer, Singapore, pp 199–222

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hanway JJ, Heidel H (1952) Soil analysis methods as used in Iowa state college soil testing laboratory, bulletin 57. Iowa State College of Agriculture, Iowa, USA, p 131

    Google Scholar 

  • Hassan A, Behzad K (2011) Assessment of direct seeded and transplanting methods of rice cultivars in the northern part of Iran. Afr J Agric Res 6(31):6492–6498

    Google Scholar 

  • Hou W, Khan MR, Zhang J, Lu J, Ren T, Cong R, Li X (2019) Nitrogen rate and plant density interaction enhances radiation interception, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of mechanically transplanted rice. Agric Ecosyst Environ 269:183–192

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishfaq M, Akbar N, Anjum SA, Anwar-Ijl-Haq M (2020) Growth, yield and water productivity of dry direct seeded rice and transplanted aromatic rice under different irrigation management regimes. J Integr Agric 19(11):2656–2673

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson M (1967) Soil chemical analysis prentice. Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) (2016) Package of Practices RecommendationsKerala Agricultural University. Thrissur, Kerala

    Google Scholar 

  • Ladha JK, Dawe D, Pathak H, Padre AT, Yadav RL, Singh B, Singh Y, Singh Y, Singh P, Kundu AL, Sakal R, Ram N, Regmi AP, Gami SK, Bhandari AL, Amin R, Yadav CR, Bhattarai EM, Das S, Aggarwal HP, Gupta RK, Hobbs PR (2003) How extensive are yield declines in long-term rice–wheat experiments in Asia? Field Crops Res 81(2–3):159–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee H, Hwang W, Jeong J, Yang S, Jeong N, Lee C, Choi M (2021) Physiological causes of transplantation shock on rice growth inhibition and delayed heading. Sci Repo 11(1):1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Mondal R, Goswami S, Goswami SB, Jana K (2020) Effect of different nutrient management practices on growth, grain yield, production economics, soil nutrient availability of transplanted kharif rice (Oryza sativa L.) and correlation studies. J Crop Weed 16(1):172–179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olsen SR (1954) Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. US Department of Agriculture, US

    Google Scholar 

  • Prasad R (2011) Aerobic rice systems. Advances in agronomy. Academic Press Inc, US, pp 207–247

    Google Scholar 

  • Reddy AK, Prudhvi N, Mehta CM (2020) Direct seeded rice-future of rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation. Int J Res Anal Rev 7(4):279–291

    Google Scholar 

  • Saber M, Mokhtar M, AbudeifBakheit AM, Elfeky MG, Mostafa A, Sefelnasr A, Kantoush SA, Sumi T, Hori T, Hamada A (2022) An integrated assessment approach for fossil groundwater quality and crop water requirements in the El-Kharga Oasis Western Desert Egypt. J Hydrol: Region Stud 40:101016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shah M, Vijayshankar PS, Harris F (2021) Water and agricultural transformation in India: a symbiotic relationship-I. Econ Polit Wkly 56(29):43–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Shekhawat K, Rathore SS, Chauhan BS (2020) Weed management in dry direct-seeded rice: a review on challenges and opportunities for sustainable rice production. Agronomy 10(9):1264

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Subbiah BV, Asija GL (1956) A raped processor of determination of available nitrogen in nitrogen in soil. Curr Sci 25:259–260

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Surendran U, Sushanth CM, Mammen G, Joseph EJ (2015) Modelling the crop water requirement using FAO-CROPWAT and assessment of water resources for sustainable water resource management: a case study in Palakkad district of humid tropical Kerala, India. Aquat Procedia 4:1211–1219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Surendran U, Sushanth CM, Mammen G, Joseph EJ (2017) FAO-CROPWAT model-based estimation of crop water need and appraisal of water resources for sustainable water resource management: pilot study for Kollam district–humid tropical region of Kerala, India. Curr Sci 112:76–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Surendran U, Raja P, Jayakumar M, Subramoniam SR (2021) Use of efficient water saving techniques for production of rice in India under climate change scenario: a critical review. J Clean 309:127272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wakley A, Black IA (1965) an examination of the method for determining soil organic matter and proposed modification of the acid titration method. J Soil Sci 37:29–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang J, Zhou Q, Zhang J (2017) Moderate wetting and drying increases rice yield and reduces water use, grain arsenic level, and methane emission. Crop J 5(2):151–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida S (1981) Fundamentals of rice crop science, international rice research institute. Los Baños, Laguna

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang L, Lin S, Bouman BAM, Xue C, Wei F, Tao H, Yang X, Wang H, Zhao D, Dittert K (2009) Response of aerobic rice growth and grain yield to N fertilizer at two contrasting sites near Beijing. China Field Crops Res 114(1):45–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Authors would like to thank the Executive Director of CWRDM and all staffs of Land and Water Management Research Group for the support and encouragement provided during the course of study. Authors would like to thank CWRDM for providing the grants in the form of plan fund for executing the study.

Funding

Authors would like to acknowledge the funding support provided by the KSCSTE-CWRDM plan project to carry out the study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Land and Water Management Research Group, KSCSTE- Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (CWRDM), Kozhikode, Kerala, 673571, India

    P. Sruthi & U. Surendran

Authors
  1. P. Sruthi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. U. Surendran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

US conceptualized the work, and PS conducted the experiment and did the soil analysis and written the first draft. Both the authors reviewed the manuscript, and final version has been made.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to U. Surendran.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing or conflicting interests.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (XLSX 15 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sruthi, P., Surendran, U. Evaluation of nutrient management and method of planting on crop productivity of aerobic rice and estimating the water saving in aerobic using FAO-CROPWAT model. Paddy Water Environ 21, 467–477 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-023-00941-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-023-00941-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation