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Variations in Trace Element and Isotope Composition of Neoarchean Mafic Granulites of the Southwest Siberian Craton: a Consequence of Various Mantle Sources or Crustal Contamination

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Abstract

The paper presents geochemical and isotopic characteristics of Neoarchean (2.7–2.66 Ga) mafic granulites of the Sharyzhalgay uplift in the southwestern Siberian craton. Mafic and predominant felsic granulites compose fragments of the metamorphic complex among the Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic granitoids. The mafic granulites are characterized by the mineral association Cpx + Pl ± Hbl ± Opx ± Qz and include two types with different major and immobile trace element contents. The dominant rocks of the first type have a wide range of Mg# and concentrations of TiO2 and immobile trace elements (REE, Zr, Nb), and mainly positive εNd(Т) values. The first type of mafic granulites show elevated (La/Sm)n and enrichment in Th and LREE relative to Nb, which is typical of subduction-related or crustally contaminated basalts. The absence of negative correlation between (La/Sm)n and εNd(Т) and a clear positive correlation of TiO2 with Nb testify against the effect of crustal contamination on the composition of the mafic granulites. The magmatic protoliths of the first type of mafic granulites are suggested to form by the melting of depleted peridotites of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle modified by melts derived from basalts or terrigenous sediments of the subducting plate. Mafic granulites of the second type have a narrower range of Mg#, TiO2 content, positive εNd(Т), flat rare earth patterns and no subduction signatures, which indicates an asthenospheric depleted mantle source. Mafic granulites contaminated by the Paleoarchean crust are characterized by increased (La/Sm)n, depletion in Nb relative to Th and LREE, and negative εNd(Т) values. Post-magmatic influence of granitoids leads to the enrichment of mafic granulites in biotite and apatite, an increase in concentrations of K2O, P2O5, a significant enrichment in Zr, Nb, Th, LREE, and negative εNd(Т) values. The difference between mafic granulites of the first and second types is not related to crustal contamination, but is caused by melting of two types of sources: asthenospheric and subcontinental lithospheric mantle. The subcontinental lithospheric mantle of the Irkut block was isotopically depleted at the Neoarchean time (∼2.7 Ga), and its enrichment in incompatible trace elements was likely caused by felsic melts generated from the rocks of subducting plate immediately prior to mafic magmatism.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are grateful to Prof. A.I. Slabunov, for constructive comments that significantly improved this work. A.E. Izokh is grateful for the discussion during manuscript preparation.

Funding

This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 20-05-00265) and government-financed task of the Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy.

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  1. V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia

    O. M. Turkina

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Turkina, O.M. Variations in Trace Element and Isotope Composition of Neoarchean Mafic Granulites of the Southwest Siberian Craton: a Consequence of Various Mantle Sources or Crustal Contamination. Petrology 31, 204–222 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869591123020066

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