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Mechanism and Kinetic Laws of Reactions Determining Flame Propagation, Gas Explosion, and Detonation (Review)

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Abstract

It has been established that, contrary to previous ideas, chemical processes in flame propagation, explosion, and detonation of gases are chain reactions proceeding according to previously unknown laws of nonisothermal chain processes. The characteristic reaction times in deflagration and detonation in the combustion zone are less than a ten-thousandth and millionth of a second, respectively. The mechanisms and laws that determine these high rates and accelerations of reactions and their extremely strong temperature dependence were revealed. The critical role of atoms and radicals, formed in concentrations reaching tens of percent of the concentrations of the initial reagents, was shown using kinetic and spectroscopic methods. Efficient chemical methods for controlling all combustion modes were developed.

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Funding

This study was supported by the Ministry of Science of Higher Education of the Russian Federation (agreement no. 075-15-2020-806 of September 29, 2020).

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  1. Federal Scientific Center “Scientific Research Institute for System Analysis,” Russian Academy of Sciences, 117218, Moscow, Russia

    V. V. Azatyan

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Translated by L. Smolina

Abbreviations and notation: CCs are the chain carriers; CTE is the chain thermal explosion; SWs, shock waves; EPR, electronic paramagnetic resonance; М, the third particle that takes the recombination energy from НО2; q+, heat release rate; q–, heat removal rate; Т, temperature; W, reaction rate; \(Q\), thermal effect; S, reaction chamber surface area; V, reaction chamber volume; \({{\alpha \;}}\), heat transfer coefficient; T0, reactor wall temperature; В, О2; t, time; t0, initial moment of time; tr, reaction time; n, concentration of H (CC) atoms; n0, CC concentration at t0; \({{{{\omega }}}_{0}}\), rate of reaction (0); f and \(g\), rates of reactions (I) and (IV) at unit CC concentrations; k, rate constant of the intermolecular reaction; ko, preexponential factor of the rate constant k; k1, rate constant of the chain branching reaction (limiting stage); \(k_{1}^{{\text{o}}}\), preexponential factor of the rate constant k1; С0 and С, initial and current reagent concentrations, respectively; ЕR and ЕМ, activation energies of the reactions of the initial molecules with free atoms and with one another, respectively; Ebr, activation energy of chain branching; Е, effective activation energy; and R, gas constant.

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Azatyan, V.V. Mechanism and Kinetic Laws of Reactions Determining Flame Propagation, Gas Explosion, and Detonation (Review). Kinet Catal 64, 221–234 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0023158423030023

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