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Magnesian Basalts of the Medvezhia Caldera: Dominant Magmas and Their Sources, as Exemplified by Menshiy Brat Volcano, Iturup Island, Kuriles

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Abstract

The paper presents new data on the formation conditions of basalts from Menshiy Brat postcaldera volcano in the Medvezhia caldera, Iturup Island. The liquidus mineral assemblage consists of olivine (Fo 85.3–90.1 mol %) and chromium spinel (Cr# = 0.46–0.6), which crystallized at 1090–1170°C and oxygen fugacity at NNO + 0.6 (σ = 0.2) to NNO + 0.2 (σ = 0.14) in the course of the eruption. Data on melt inclusions in the liquidus olivine demonstrate that its parental melts were low-Al2O3 and low-K2O, with up to 15.5 wt % MgO, and with an average H2O content of 5.5 wt %. The newly obtained data on volatile contents in the olivine-hosted melt inclusions suggest that the mafic melts were derived by the partial melting of a peridotitic-rich source with a small admixture of an olivine-free component at 1225°C, under active influence of the slab-derived fluids. These fluids were separated from the subducting slab at 670–705°C and depths of 95–105 km beneath Iturup Island. Our results enhance our understanding of the evolution of basic magmas that serve as a heat and volatile sources during the formation of large calderas.

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Notes

  1. Supplementary materials to the Russian and English versions of this paper available at https://elibrary.ru/ and http://link.springer.com/, respectively, present: Supplementary 1, ESM_1.xlsх: chemical analyses of the cores of olivine crystals from basalts of Menshiy Brat volcano; Supplementary 2, ESM_2.xlsх: chemical analysis of liquidus spinel and its host olivine from basalts of Menshiy Brat volcano; Supplementary 3, ESM_3.xlsх: measured and calculated compositions of the glasses of melt inclusions; Supplementary 4, ESM_4.xlsх: CO2 contents in olivine-hosted melt inclusions in sample MD-5 from Menshiy Brat volcano; Supplementary 5, ESM_5.pdf: methodological specifics of the evaluations of H2O concentrations in trapped melts done by different techniques.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors thank S.P. Krasheninnikov for help with high-temperature experiments on the homogenization of inclusions and L.V. Usova for conducting microprobe analyses. The reviewers A.E. Izokh and N.L. Mironov are thanked for constructive criticism and discussions that allowed us to notably improve the manuscript.

Funding

This study was supported by project 13.1902.21.0018 (agreement 075-15-2020-802) from the Ministry for Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.

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  1. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia

    D. V. Kuzmin, I. R. Nizametdinov, S. Z. Smirnov, T. Yu. Timina, A. Ya. Shevko & M. P. Gora

  2. Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia

    A. V. Rybin

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  1. D. V. Kuzmin
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Kuzmin, D.V., Nizametdinov, I.R., Smirnov, S.Z. et al. Magnesian Basalts of the Medvezhia Caldera: Dominant Magmas and Their Sources, as Exemplified by Menshiy Brat Volcano, Iturup Island, Kuriles. Petrology 31, 279–303 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869591123030062

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869591123030062

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