Abstract
Induction of R-gene-mediated antiviral resistance results in phenotypically different responses depending on host R gene—virus combinations. The responses include a hypersensitive response (HR), in which virus infection is stopped within the initially infected tissues to form necrotic local lesions (NLLs) by induction of programmed-cell death (PCD), as well as an extreme resistance (ER), in which virus replication is suppressed at the cellular level without PCD induction. A response that causes only tiny NLLs is called a micro-HR, and a response that causes systemic death of the plant by systemic PCD induction is called a systemic HR (SHR). In this study, we used our RCY1—cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) coat protein (CP) system as a model system for R gene—virus recognition and resistance induction, and showed that artificial deletion/alanine substitutions in an arginine-rich motif in CMV CP changed the induced response from an HR to an ER and to intermediate responses between an ER and a micro-HR, where different numbers of tiny NLLs were formed. Using a micro-HR inducing variant, we showed that viral MOI (multiplicity of infection) reduced by 51.5% upon a micro-HR induction, which was much greater than the reduction observed upon an HR induction, providing the first quantitative evidence that a micro-HR is a result of enhanced resistance. Based on the obtained results, we discuss a possible molecular mechanism for the induction of enhanced resistance and the mechanisms for the induction of phenotypically different responses.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Drs Chikara Masuta, Masashi Suzuki, and Minoru Takeshita for providing the pCY1, pCY2, pCY3, and pC2-A1 constructs.
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This work was partially supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grants (19H02953, 19K22300, 21K05591, and 22KK0081). The funder has no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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SM designed the study. GK, YS, and SM performed the experiments. GK, DAA, HT and SM analyzed the data. GK and SM prepared the manuscript.
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Karino, G., Abebe, D.A., Saijo, Y. et al. Artificial coat protein variants of cucumber mosaic virus induce enhanced resistance upon recognition by an R gene. J Gen Plant Pathol 89, 277–287 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-023-01133-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-023-01133-5