Abstract
Breeding systems play an essential role in plant sexual reproduction and influence speciation and extinction processes. However, our understanding of the breeding systems for particular neotropical angiosperm families is inadequate. The Pineapple family (Bromeliaceae) is one of the few indigenous and highly diverse plant lineages native to the American Continent and is a resource for the ornamental plant industry. Bromeliads have a remarkable history of adaptive radiation, yet the role of breeding systems in their evolution and ecology is still unknown. This review aims to establish the current state of knowledge on breeding systems in Bromeliaceae by identifying general patterns, data limitations, and information gaps. We compiled data on self-compatibility (SC), autonomous self-fertilization (selfing), and apomixis based on a thorough review of the scientific literature from 1990 to 2020. The final database included 177 entries, which represented 26 genera and 152 species (4.1% of the family). Two-thirds of the studies were conducted on species from highly diverse genera: Aechmea, Pitcairnia, Tillandsia, and Vriesea. Bromeliaceae exhibit a wide variety of breeding systems (SC and selfing). Subfamilies Pitcairnioideae (sensu stricto) and Tillandsioideae had higher values of SC and selfing, although some of the most investigated genera in each subfamily exhibited contradictory patterns and data for subfamilies considered ancestral were absent. Complete apomixis was rare, but it was more prevalent in Pitcairnioideae. The evolution of autofertility is likely the combined result of floral herkogamy as well as the species’ self-compatibility. Our present understanding of the evolutionary advantages of selfing in Bromeliaceae is limited and deserves further investigation.
Resumen
Los sistemas reproductivos juegan un papel esencial en la reproducción sexual de las plantas e influyen en los procesos de especiación y extinción. Sin embargo, nuestra comprensión de los sistemas reproductivos de familias de angiospermas neotropicales particulares es inadecuada. La familia de la piña (Bromeliaceae) es uno de los pocos linajes de plantas autóctonas y muy diversas del continente americano y es un recurso para la industria de las plantas ornamentales. Las bromelias tienen una historia notable de radiación adaptativa, pero aún se desconoce el papel de los sistemas de reproducción en su evolución y ecología. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo establecer el estado actual del conocimiento sobre los sistemas de reproducción en Bromeliaceae mediante la identificación de patrones generales, limitaciones de datos y vacíos de información. Recopilamos datos sobre autocompatibilidad (AC), auto-fertilización espontánea y apomixis a partir de una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura científica de 1990 a 2020. La base de datos final incluyó 177 registros, que representan 26 géneros y 152 especies (4.1% de la familia). Dos tercios de los estudios se realizaron en especies de géneros muy diversos: Aechmea, Pitcairnia, Tillandsia y Vriesea. Las bromeliáceas exhiben una amplia variedad de sistemas de reproducción (AC y auto-fertilización). Las subfamilias Pitcairnioideae (sensu stricto) y Tillandsioideae tuvieron valores más altos de SC y auto-fertilización, aunque algunos de los géneros más investigados en cada subfamilia exhibieron patrones contradictorios y no hubo datos para las subfamilias consideradas ancestrales. La apomixis completa fue rara, pero fue más frecuente en Pitcairnioideae. La evolución de la autofertilidad es probablemente el resultado combinado de hercogamia y autocompatibilidad de las especies. Nuestra comprensión actual de las ventajas evolutivas de la auto-fertilización en Bromeliaceae es limitada y merece una mayor investigación.
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Data Availability
The primary data on breeding systems parameters collected and analyzed during this study are available as supplementary information files.
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This research article is part of the master’s thesis of the junior author. To all researchers who have contributed to the knowledge of Bromeliaceae breeding systems. To Ivón Ramírez-Morillo for her comments on an early version of this manuscript. Two anonymous reviewers contributed to improving the presented ideas with their valuable comments and recomendations.
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Cascante-Marín, A., Núñez-Hidalgo, S. A Review of Breeding Systems in the Pineapple Family (Bromeliaceae, Poales). Bot. Rev. 89, 308–329 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-023-09290-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-023-09290-0