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Factors regulating the differences in frequency of infiltration of Th17 and Treg of the blood–brain barrier

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Abstract

Controlling CD4+ immune cell infiltration of the brain is a leading aim in designing therapeutic strategies for a range of neuropathological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and depression. CD4+ T cells are a highly heterogeneous and reprogrammable family, which includes various distinctive cell types such as Th17, Th1, and Treg cells. Interestingly Th17 and Treg cells share a related transcriptomic profile, where the TGFβ–SMADS pathway plays a fundamental role in regulating the differentiation of both of these cell types. However, Th17 could be highly pathogenic and was shown to promote inflammation in various neuropathological disorders. Conversely, Treg is anti-inflammatory and is known to inhibit Th17. It could be noticed that Th17 frequencies of infiltration of the blood–brain barrier in various neurological disorders are significantly upregulated. However, Treg infiltration numbers are significantly low. The reasons behind these contradicting observations are still unknown. In this perspective, we propose that the difference in the T-cell receptor repertoire diversity, diapedesis pathways, chemokine expression, and mechanical properties of these two cell types could be contributing to answering this intriguing question.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Prof. Macrious Abraham and Prof. Mariam Joachim for the fruitful discussions and guidance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany

    Norwin Kubick

  2. Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552, Magdalenka, Poland

    Marzena Lazarczyk, Nina Strzałkowska, Jarosław Olav Horbańczuk, Mariusz Sacharczuk & Michel Edwar Mickael

  3. Institute of Health, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Ul. Konarskiego 2, 08-110, Siedlce, Poland

    Anna Charuta

  4. Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Warsaw Medical University, L Banacha 1, 02-697, Warsaw, Poland

    Mariusz Sacharczuk

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Kubick, N., Lazarczyk, M., Strzałkowska, N. et al. Factors regulating the differences in frequency of infiltration of Th17 and Treg of the blood–brain barrier. Immunogenetics 75, 417–423 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-023-01310-y

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