Abstract
Teucrium (Teucrium polium L.) is one of the valuable medicinal plants, but its poor seed germination is one of the principal problems of its extensive cultivation. Somatic embryogenesis is crucial for medicinal plant genetic improvement, germplasm preservation, and in vitro mass propagation. Synthetic seed production is a suitable alternative for natural seed production in biotechnology and plant development. The objectives of the present study were to optimize somatic embryogenesis, produce synthetic seeds, and evaluate the genetic fidelity of the regenerated T. polium. Results suggested that MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L−1 kinetin (Kin) alone and without auxin demonstrated the maximum embryogenesis and regeneration rates in leaf and petiole explants. The simultaneous occurrence of several somatic embryonic developmental stages, such as the globular, heart-shaped, torpedo-shaped, and cotyledonary stages, on an embryogenic callus clearly suggested that T. polium embryogenesis accurately captures an asynchronous process. The petiole and leaf explants cultured on MS medium with 1.0 mg L−1 Kin showed the highest rates of plant regeneration with spontaneously root development. Compared to somatic embryos, synthetic seeds with meristem sources lacked callogenesis. At 25 °C for 4 wk and at 4 °C for 3 wk, the meristem source caused the highest percentage of synthetic seeds to germinate (96.66%), while − 18 °C had a negative impact on the germination of the synthetic seeds. The results suggested that there was no genetic variation identified in the ISSR analysis on in vitro–generated T. polium plants.
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Data are available from the corresponding author on request.
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Acknowledgements
Dr. Moslem Bahmankar, Assistant Professor at the Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Safiabad Agricultural Research and Education and Natural Resources Center, AREEO, Dezful, Iran, is acknowledged by the authors for his valuable cooperation and detailed suggestions during the experiment.
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Saadat, S., Majd, A., Naseri, L. et al. Optimization of somatic embryogenesis, synthetic seed production, and evaluation of genetic fidelity in Teucrium polium L.. In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 59, 483–496 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-023-10360-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-023-10360-6