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Metabolite profiling of Drynariae Rhizoma using 1H NMR and HPLC coupled with multivariate statistical analysis

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Abstract

Drynariae Rhizoma has been used to treat bone diseases and kidney deficiency in traditional medicine. Recently its aqueous extract was reported to enhance memory function. Although the Japanese standards for non-Pharmacopoeial crude drugs 2022 prescribed Drynaria roosii as the botanical origin, some counterfeits and both raw and stir-fired crude drugs are available in markets. To distinguish Drynariae Rhizoma derived from D. roosii appropriately from others and verify the validity of uses of stir-fried ones, 1H NMR-based metabolite profiling coupled with HPLC were performed. Raw samples derived from D. roosii contained naringin (1), neoeriocitrin (2), 5,7-dihydroxychromone-7-O-neohesperidoside (3), caffeic acid 4-O-β-d-glucoside (4), protocatechuic acid (5), trans-p-coumaric acid 4-O-β-d-glucoside (6), and kaempferol 3-O-α-l-rhamnoside 7-O-β-d-glucoside (8). Stir-fried samples were characterized by presence of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (13), and were divided into two types; one possessing similar composition to raw samples (Type I) and another without above components except 5 (Type II). Quantitative analyses using qHNMR and HPLC, followed by principal component analysis demonstrated that the raw samples had higher contents of 1 (0.93–9.86 mg/g), 2 (0.74–7.59 mg/g), 3 (0.05–2.48 mg/g), 4 (0.27–2.51 mg/g), 6 (0.14–1.26 mg/g), and 8 (0.04–0.52 mg/g), and Type II had a higher content of 5 (0.84–1.32 mg/g). The counterfeit samples derived from Araiostegia divaricata var. formosana were characterized by higher content of ( −)-epicatechin 3-O-β-d-allopyranoside (10) (1.44–11.49 mg/g) without 1 and 2. These results suggested that Drynariae Rhizoma samples derived from other botanical origins and Type II stir-fried samples cannot substitute for D. roosii rhizome.

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Acknowledgements

DYZ is a recipient of a scholarship from the Mitani scholarship foundation. We thank Link Science for editing of this manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant numbers 18K06728, 21K06626, 24406005, 15H05268, and 2023 Director Leadership Expenses, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama. Part of this study was supported by a research grant from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan

    Yuzhuo Dong, Kazufumi Toume, Shin Kimijima, Hanpei Zhang, Shu Zhu, Yumin He & Katsuko Komatsu

  2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1 Shichibancho, Wakayama, Wakayama, 640-8156, Japan

    Shu Zhu

  3. Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, People’s Republic of China

    Yumin He

  4. The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China

    Shaoqing Cai

  5. National Institute of Health Science, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan

    Takuro Maruyama

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  1. Yuzhuo Dong
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Contributions

YZD, KT, SK, and KK conceived and designed the experiments. YMH, SQC, TM, and KK contributed sample collection. YZD, KT, SK, HPZ, and SZ carried out the experiment. YZD, KT, SK, and KK analyzed and interpreted the data. YZD, KT, and KK wrote the manuscript with input from all authors.

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Correspondence to Kazufumi Toume or Katsuko Komatsu.

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Dong, Y., Toume, K., Kimijima, S. et al. Metabolite profiling of Drynariae Rhizoma using 1H NMR and HPLC coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. J Nat Med 77, 839–857 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-023-01726-6

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