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Simultaneous Electrocatalytic Measurement of Dopamine and Acetaminophen by Nanosensor Based on Ag@Polyoxometalate@Reduced Graphene Oxide and Ionic Liquid

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Abstract

A novel electrochemical nanosensor was established for the simultaneous measurement of dopamine (DA) and acetaminophen (AC). The nanosensor was achieved by modification of carbon paste electrode (CPE) by Ag nanoparticle, polyoxometalate, reduced graphene oxide (Ag@POM@rGO), and ionic liquid (IL). The electrochemical behaviors of DA and AC were evaluated by Ag@POM@rGO-IL/CPE and various electrochemical methods. Design-Expert software by response surface methodology (RSM) approach was utilized to consider the interaction between the different factors. The best electrochemical response was attained with 0.01 g of IL and 0.04 g of Ag@POM@rGO in the modified electrode, phosphate buffer solution (0.1 M, pH 7.0), and a sweep rate of 0.07 V s−1. In the optimum situation, the calibration curves for DA and AC were achieved in a square wave voltammetry (SWV) manner, and linear dynamic ranges (LDR) were obtained to be 0.05–115.04 µM and 0.1–137.90 µM for DA and AC, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) was attained to be 17.0 for DA and 37.0 nM for AC. The Ag@POM@rGO-IL/CPE showed good stability, productivity and repeatability, and advanced recovery, and it has a little price and low background current. Also, the usage of this nanosensor was studied by measuring the DA and AC in the human plasma by means of worthy recovery. This technique is easy, rapid, and cheap and can be utilized as a significant device in the quantitative analysis of the medicinal product.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful for the financial support from the Research Council of the Babol Noshirvani University of Technology.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Shariati Ave, P.O. Box: 484, Babol, 47148-71167, Iran

    Haniyeh Shafiei & Seyed Karim Hassaninejad-Darzi

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H. Shafiei and S. K. Hassaninejad-Darzi conceived the presented idea. They developed the theory and performed the computations and also verified the analytical methods. S. K. Hassaninejad-Darzi investigated and supervised the findings of this work. All experiments were performed by H. Shafiei who was supervised by S. K. Hassaninejad-Darzi. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript. S. K. Hassaninejad-Darzi wrote the manuscript with the support of H. Shafiei.

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Shafiei, H., Hassaninejad-Darzi, S.K. Simultaneous Electrocatalytic Measurement of Dopamine and Acetaminophen by Nanosensor Based on Ag@Polyoxometalate@Reduced Graphene Oxide and Ionic Liquid. Electrocatalysis 14, 811–828 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12678-023-00838-7

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