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Gas migration signatures over the volcanic cratered seamount, off the Nicobar Islands in the Andaman Sea

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Abstract

The submarine volcanic arc off-Nicobar is seismologically very active with numerous earthquake swarms reported after the tsunamigenic 26th December 2004 earthquake in the Andaman-Nicobar-Sumatra subduction zone. Therefore, we carried out multiple high-resolution multibeam echo-sounding (MBES) surveys along with water column imaging (WCI) onboard RV Sindhu Sadhana along the volcanic arc to detect water column anomalies related to volcanism. We observed for the first time two gas flares originating from the outer flanks of cratered seamount (CSM) in the WCI data during the 2018 expedition. The flare on the SE flank of CSM originated at a depth of 710 m and rises to a depth of ~225 m from the ocean surface, whereas the flare on the NW flank of CSM originates at 400 m and rises to ~150–100 m from the ocean surface. We repeated the experiment in November 2021 and remapped the flare on the NW flank of CSM. Furthermore, a new gas flare was observed in a southward direction at an offset of 215 m. This flare which originated at 380 m and rises to 150 m from the ocean surface was imaged during multiple passes along different radial directions at different times. Geological sampling over the gas venting location shows a large rock sample with a couple of live Bathymodiolus spp., a chemosynthetic species typically observed at methane seeps and/or hydrothermal vent sites. These observations confirm the volcanic activity at the cratered seamount located off the Nicobar region in the Andaman Sea.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Prof. Sunil Kumar Singh, director of CSIR-NIO, for the permission to publish this paper. We are grateful to the captain and crew of RV Sindhu Sadhana and the CSIR-NIO research vessel management team (Mr. Kallathian M., Mr. Buddhadas Patole, and Mr. Kuldeep Kumar) for their excellent technical support during the SSD-046 and SSD-085 expeditions aboard RV Sindhu Sadhana. The work is done under the CSIR MLP2017 (TeaM-RiSe) program and the NIO contribution no. is 7109.

Data and material availability

All data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper, and the authors do not have any rights to share the data.

Code availability

Commercial software Teledyne is used to process the data.

Funding

The authors would like to thank the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for providing financial support under the CSIR MLP2017 (TeaM-RiSe) program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India

    G. Sriram, P. Dewangan, V. Yatheesh, A. Peketi, P. Mahesh, A. Mazumdar, V. P. Mahale, J. Jacob, K.M. Dubey, P. Kumar, C.K. Mishra, S. Gautham, A.K. Anirudh, P. Ankush, A.B. Madhav Ram, K.K. Shijin, T.G. Salkar, A.S. Zatale, V. Rajurkar, S.H. Khokher, S. Garg, A.K. Choudhary, K. K. Aswini & A. Gawas

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, 403004, Goa, India

    A.S. Zatale & V. Rajurkar

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  1. G. Sriram
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Contributions

Sriram Gullapalli: conceptualization, methodology, visualization, validation, and writing—original draft, data curation. P. Dewangan: original draft improvement, visualization. V. Yatheesh: original draft, visualization. A. Peketi: original draft improvement, visualization. A. Mazumdar: original draft improvement, visualization. K.M. Dubey: original draft improvement, visualization. P. Kumar: original draft improvement, visualization. C.K. Mishra, P. Mahesh, V. P. Mahale, S. Gautham, A.K. Anirudh, Ankush, A.B. Madhav Ram, K.K. Shijin, T.G. Salkar, A.S. Zatale, V. Rajurkar, S.H. Khokher, S. Garg, A.K. Choudhary: 2021 expedition data acquisition Team. J. Jacob, K. K. Aswini, A. Gawas: 2018 expedition data acquisition team

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Correspondence to P. Dewangan.

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Sriram, G., Dewangan, P., Yatheesh, V. et al. Gas migration signatures over the volcanic cratered seamount, off the Nicobar Islands in the Andaman Sea. Geo-Mar Lett 43, 16 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-023-00757-y

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