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Estimation of scots pine cytogenetic parameters under the conditions of industrial air pollution in European boreal forests

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Abstract

Cytogenetic studies of Pinus sylvestris seed progeny have been carried out for the first time in the Murmansk region of Russia. Seeds were collected in the territory of 6 district forestries: Zelenoborsky, Kovdorsky, Kandalakshsky, Zasheikovsky, Umbsky and Nickelsky, which were at different distances from large copper-nickel plants. Analysis revealed higher S, Cu, and Ni content in Pinus sylvestris tree seeds from the Zasheikovsky and Nickelsky district forestries. Seeds from the Zelenoborsky district forestry had a higher Cu content (13.6 ± 0.5 mg/kg) compared to other areas. It was found that the frequency of mitotic pathologies in all areas of the study exceeded the level of spontaneous mutation in 5%. The most frequent aberrant cells were registered in the root meristem of seedlings from the Zasheikovsky district forestry, and their proportion averaged 9.4 ± 1.3% of the total number of cells studied at the metaphase and ana-telophase of mitosis stages. In Pinus sylvestris seedlings, micronuclei were noted in the cells at the interphase stage, often varying on average from 0.2 ± 0.1% in plants from the Kandalakshsky district forestry to 0.9 ± 0.3% from the Zasheikovsky district forestry. The data obtained testify to the colossal impact of heavy metals on the living organism cell genetic apparatus. The negative effect from industries, as sources of air pollutants, extends over tens of kilometers. Therefore, regularly monitoring the cytogenetic parameters of bioindicators such as Pinus sylvestris is necessary.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Marina L. Schurova, an employee of the department of the Karelian Forest Seed Station of the Forest Protection Center of the Leningrad Region (FBI «Roslesozashchita»), for providing the seed material for study.

Funding

The study was carried out under state order to the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FMEN-2022-0013).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Pushkinskaya St., Petrozavodsk, 185910, Russia

    Roman V. Ignatenko & Anastasia K. Pomeranets

  2. Petrozavodsk State University, 33 Lenin Av., Petrozavodsk, 185910, Russia

    Roman V. Ignatenko, Anastasia K. Pomeranets, Kseniya A. Gudkova & Kseniya M. Nikerova

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  1. Roman V. Ignatenko
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  2. Anastasia K. Pomeranets
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Contributions

RVI: conceptualization, methodology, writing—original draft preparation, writing—review and editing. AKP: formal analysis, writing—review and editing. KAG: formal analysis, visualization. KMN: methodology, writing—review and editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Roman V. Ignatenko.

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Ignatenko, R.V., Pomeranets, A.K., Gudkova, K.A. et al. Estimation of scots pine cytogenetic parameters under the conditions of industrial air pollution in European boreal forests. Ecotoxicology 32, 874–883 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-023-02696-x

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