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Silver Nanoparticle Synthesized with Fenugreek Leaves Is Biologically Potent than Chemically Synthesized Nanoparticle

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Abstract

Purpose

Silver nanoparticles have been found to exhibit various bioactivities like antibacterial, anticancer, antifungal, and enzyme-mimicking properties and can be synthesized via chemical and biological methods.

Aim

This study compares the significant characteristics of chemically and biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles with sodium borohydride and Trigonella foenum-graecum leaf extract as reducing and stabilizing agents, respectively.

Methods

U.V. spectroscopy, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy, DSC-TGA (Differential scanning calorimetry-Thermalgravimetric analysis), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectrometer), and SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) were employed to characterize the nanoparticles. The antioxidant activity via FRAP assay, the nanoparticles’ cytotoxicity, and wound healing ability using MTT and scratch assay were performed.

Results

The absorption maxima were observed at 425 nm for green synthesized (GNP) and 390 nm for chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (CNP). FTIR assignment and diffraction peaks at respective 2θ values confirmed the formation of AgNPs. The peak at 978°C in the thermogram proved the presence of silver in the biological method, and the first weight loss (42.48%) at 324.51°C for CNP exemplified the decomposition. The lower concentration of silver evidenced by XPS in GNP will benefit the toxicity-free biological effects induced by AgNPs. The presence of spherical-shaped GNP with better cell migration confirms faster wound healing with negligible toxicity compared to the multivariate-shaped CNP.

Conclusion

Although the chemically synthesized silver nanoparticle exhibited good antioxidant activity, the biogenic nanoparticle showed better antimicrobial and wound-healing potential with lesser cytotoxicity on fibroblast cells relating to the size and shape of the nanoparticles synthesized. Therefore, further studies on formulations using biogenic silver nanoparticles are worth pondering.

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Data Availability

The data and materials will be made available on request to the authors.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the DBT, DHR, RGNF, and UGC fellowship, respectively from Govt. of India to execute this research work. The DST (FIST and UGC (SAP) grants to the Department of Biotechnology and the Central Instrumentational Facility of Pondicherry University for Infrastructural facilities are acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, 605014, Kalapet, Puducherry, India

    Kunal Kishore, Pooja Prasad, Nandakumar Selvasudha, Saranga Rajesh & Hannah R. Vasanthi

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  1. Kunal Kishore
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  2. Pooja Prasad
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  3. Nandakumar Selvasudha
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  4. Saranga Rajesh
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  5. Hannah R. Vasanthi
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Contributions

PP: investigation and methodology; NS: conceptualization, validation, formal analysis, and writing—original draft; K K: investigation, methodology, and formal analysis; SR: investigation and methodology; HRV: data curation, writing—review and editing and supervision.

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Correspondence to Hannah R. Vasanthi.

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Kishore, K., Prasad, P., Selvasudha, N. et al. Silver Nanoparticle Synthesized with Fenugreek Leaves Is Biologically Potent than Chemically Synthesized Nanoparticle. J Pharm Innov 18, 2029–2042 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12247-023-09769-8

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