Abstract
Natural durability is one of the most rated features in wood end-use applications. In fact, several precious native tropical wood species produce timber of high natural durability, which is also related to long service life even for the highest hazard classes. However, selective logging is driving the existing volume of this group of species to near extinction. The remainder of the alternative species produces perishable timbers, which require synthetic chemical protection to prolong their service life but with detrimental effects on humans and the environment. Therefore, transferable durability has emerged as an alternative to gradually substitute traditional wood preservatives. From this approach, extractives from naturally durable wood species are removed and transferred to the non-durable wood species as an alternative environmental-friendly option for wood protection. Indeed, extractives from durable wood species have proven to have a deterrent effect on fungi, bacteria and termites and could be used to protect perishable wood species. Thus, this review aims to assess the prospects of developing environmentally friendly wood preservatives based on extractives sourced from highly natural, durable wood species to treat and add value to the group of perishable timbers. A step-wise analysis offers insights and challenges on (i) potential sources of extractives; (ii) effective extraction methods; (iii) extractive-based preservative formulation; and (iv) effective treatment methods for better preservative fixation for better wood protection. Accounts about the way forward for the development of extractive-based wood preservatives are also presented.
Acknowledgments
We thank the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) through the Africa REFOREST PROGRAMME for supporting this research.
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Research ethics: The conducted research is unrelated to human or animal use. All rights, safety, dignity and well-being of research participants were observed.
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved the submission.
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Competing interests: The authors declare there is no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: This study was financially supported by the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA), Grant Number 13394.
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