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Population genetic diversity and structure of the euphausiids Thysanoessa inermis and T. raschii in the Arctic Ocean: inferences from COI barcodes

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Abstract 

Euphausiids are an ecologically significant and abundant group of marine zooplankton that form key links between primary producers and consumers in pelagic food webs throughout the world ocean. The euphausiid species, Thysanoessa inermis and T. raschii, have boreal-Arctic distributions, occurring in the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Arctic Oceans. The species differ in depth ranges and habitat preferences: T. raschii is found in coastal waters on continental shelf habitats, while T. inermis is abundant in slope and deep water regions. Population genetic analysis based on DNA sequence variation of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) barcode region was carried out for identified specimens of T. inermis and T. raschii collected in the Arctic (Beaufort/Chukchi and Norwegian Seas, Svalbard Area) and North Atlantic (Gulf of St. Lawrence, Labrador Sea, Iqaluit, Hudson Bay). Populations of T. inermis in the N. Atlantic showed high connectivity, but were genetically isolated from the Beaufort/Chukchi Sea population. Population genetic diversity of T. inermis showed high haplotype and nucleotide diversity and no departures from neutral expectations. In contrast, T. raschii showed lower haplotype and nucleotide diversity, with highly significant departures from neutral expectations. A possible hypothesis is that T. raschii experienced a significant historical demographic event (e.g., population bottleneck), while T. inermis maintained a stable population over recent evolutionary history. The results provide new insights into population dynamics and implications for responses to climate change of these key euphausiid species for the Arctic Ocean.

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Acknowledgements

This study is a product of the NSF Research Experiences for Undergraduate (REU) Program at Mystic Aquarium and University of Connecticut, with leadership from Michael Finiguerra (University of Connecticut, Groton, CT) and Tracy Romano (Mystic Aquarium, Mystic CT). We acknowledge contributions of the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) Working Group 157, MetaZooGene: Toward a new global view of marine zooplankton biodiversity based on DNA metabarcoding and reference DNA sequence databases (https://metazoogene.org/ and https://scor-int.org/group/157/). Expert technical and bioinformatics assistance was provided by professional staff at the Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut (Storrs, CT, USA), including Bo Reese and Lu Li at the UConn Center for Genome Innovation (CGI).

Samples were collected during research cruises of the R/V G.O. Sars (2013107) as part of the EuroBASIN Program and R/V Helmer Hanssen (HH-2014) during the SI_Arctic Program; AB and PHW acknowledge the efforts of the ship captains, crew, and shipboard scientists. CJA and RGC acknowledge the people and organizations that supported the fieldwork of the US Arctic Observing Network (AON) Program, especially S.R. Okkonen and P. Alatalo, Captain Bill Kopplin and crews of the R/V Annika Marie and R/V Ukpik, NSF logistics providers in Utqiaġvik, Alaska, colleagues at the North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management, the Barrow Whaling Captains Association, and undergraduate research assistants, M. Dennis, I. McCoy, and K. Terpis, who helped with the sample processing at the University of Rhode Island (URI).

Funding

This study was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF Grants #1658663, #1658742, #OCE-1840868, and #DBI-0215393), US Arctic Observing Network (Grants #PLR-1023331 and #PLR-1022139), and EPSCoR (Grants #0554548 and #EPS-1004057). Additional funding was provided by US Department of Agriculture (Grants #2002–34438-12688 and #2003–34438-13111); Arctic Ocean Ecosystem Project (Grant #RCN228896); and EuroBASIN Program (Contract #264933).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, 06340, USA

    Ann Bucklin, Paola G. Batta-Lona & Alexandra Frenzel

  2. Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA

    Jennifer M. Questel

  3. Bard College, Annandale-On-Hudson, NY, 12504, USA

    Mary Reid

  4. Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA

    Cecilia Gelfman & Robert G. Campbell

  5. Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA

    Peter H. Wiebe & Carin J. Ashjian

Authors
  1. Ann Bucklin
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  2. Jennifer M. Questel
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  3. Paola G. Batta-Lona
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  4. Mary Reid
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  5. Alexandra Frenzel
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  6. Cecilia Gelfman
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  7. Peter H. Wiebe
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  8. Robert G. Campbell
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  9. Carin J. Ashjian
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ann Bucklin.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical approval

No animal testing was performed during this study.

Sampling and field studies

All necessary permits for sampling and observational field studies have been obtained by the authors from the competent authorities and are mentioned in the acknowledgements, if applicable. The study is compliant with CBD and Nagoya protocols.

Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from NCBI GenBank Nucleotide Database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/), the MetaZooGene Barcode Atlas and Database (MZGdb; https://metazoogene.org/MZGdb), and the NSF Arctic Data Center (https://arcticdata.io/).

Author contribution

AB, JMQ, and PB-L conceived and designed research. PB-L, MR, AF, and CG carried out laboratory analysis. CJA, RGC, PHW, and AB carried out field work. JMQ and PHW analyzed the data. AB wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Additional information

Communicated by J. Renz

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This article is a contribution to the Topical Collection Discovering the water column: integrated taxonomic approaches for measuring marine pelagic biodiversity.

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Bucklin, A., Questel, J.M., Batta-Lona, P.G. et al. Population genetic diversity and structure of the euphausiids Thysanoessa inermis and T. raschii in the Arctic Ocean: inferences from COI barcodes. Mar. Biodivers. 53, 70 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-023-01371-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-023-01371-y

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