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Therapeutic potentialities of green tea (Camellia sinensis) in ischemic stroke: biochemical and molecular evidence

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Abstract

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and death in patients. Despite considerable recent advances in the treatment of ischemic stroke, only a limited number of effective neuroprotective agents are available for stroke. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is a popular herbal plant, and numerous studies have indicated its health benefits for several diseases. Green tea is of interest due to its high content of catechin derivatives, including epicatechin, gallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate. This review tried to develop a feasible background for the potential effects of green tea and its bioactive derivatives concerning protection against ischemic stroke. Green tea’s antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective effects are believed to be efficacious in stroke treatment. Evidence supports the idea that green tea can be used to assist in treating ischemic stroke.

Graphical Abstract

Green tea has a protective effect against ischemic stroke; Epigallocatechin-3-gallate: EGCG, Epicatechin: EC, Gallocatechin gallate: GCG, Epigallocatechin: EGC, Epicatechin gallate: ECG, Catechin: C, Gallocatechin: GC.

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Abbreviations

tPA:

Tissue-type plasminogen activator

EGCG:

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate

C:

Catechin

EC:

Epicatechin

GC:

Gallocatechin

GCG:

Gallocatechin gallate

EGC:

Epigallocatechin

ECG:

Epicatechin gallate

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

NOS:

Nitric oxide synthase

MMPs:

Matrix metalloproteinases

IL-1β:

Interleukin-1 beta

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor-β

OGD:

Oxygen–Glucose Deprivation

MCAO:

Middle cerebral artery

CCAO:

Common carotid artery

Fe:

Iron

Cu:

Copper

Pb:

Lead

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

Mg:

Magnesium

Zn:

Zinc

Se:

Selenium

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

CAT:

Catalase

ASK1:

Activating apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1

MPO:

Myeloperoxidase

NSE:

Neuron-specific enolase

S-100β:

Human soluble protein-100β

eNOS:

Endothelial NOS

GSH-Px:

Glutathione peroxidase

NPCs:

Intracerebroventricular :ICV, Neural progenitor cells

iNOS:

Inducible NOS

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

TBARS:

Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances

mNSS:

Modified neurologic severity score

FRAP:

Ferric reducing antioxidant potential

DST:

Despair swimming test

TSP:

Tail suspension test

GGT:

Open field test:OFT, GABA green tea

CMGT:

Chun Mee green tea

GGTLMW:

Low molecular weight GABA green tea

CMGTLMW:

Low molecular weight Chun Mee green tea

COX-2:

Cyclooxygenase 2

NF-jB/p65:

Nuclear factor-kappa B/p65

i.p:

Intraperitoneal

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  1. Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Shakiba Azami

  2. Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Fatemeh Forouzanfar

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  1. Shakiba Azami
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Fatemeh Forouzanfar designed the study. Fatemeh Forouzanfar and Shakiba Azami participated in writing the manuscript. Fatemeh Forouzanfar prepared the final draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Azami, S., Forouzanfar, F. Therapeutic potentialities of green tea (Camellia sinensis) in ischemic stroke: biochemical and molecular evidence. Metab Brain Dis 39, 347–357 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-023-01294-4

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