Abstract
Microplastics have been detected in a variety of aquatic ecosystems, and the combined effect of microplastics and chemical pollutants has become a matter of increasing concern. We conducted a 12-d co-exposure test of anthracene and spherical or fragmented polyethylene microplastics (size 200 µm) on Java medaka (Oryzias javanicus). The accumulation of anthracene in Java medaka muscle reached a plateau on day 5 in all anthracene exposure groups, and no significant differences were detected among the groups (ANT, 20.4 ± 5.5; ANT + SPPE-MP, 24.7 ± 2.7; ANT + FRPE-MP, 24.6 ± 4.7 µg/g). However, co-exposure to anthracene and spherical or fragmented polyethylene microplastics increased the duration of slow swimming in a swimming behavior test (control, 4.1 ± 1.4; ANT, 5.2 ± 2.8; ANT + SPPE-MP, 12.4 ± 3.7; ANT + FRPE-MP, 17.4 ± 5.1 min/30 min), and co-exposure to anthracene and fragmented polyethylene microplastics induced higher cytochrome P4501A monooxygenase (CYP1A) expression in Java medaka livers than the other anthracene exposure groups (ANT, 189 ± 74; ANT + SPPE-MP, 203 ± 75; ANT + FRPE-MP 272 ± 36% of control). Polyethylene microplastics appear to be weak vectors of anthracene at the size tested (200 µm), and the effect of shape (spherical or fragmented) on the vector effect was small. However, the presence of polyethylene microplastics could affect the swimming behavior and CYP1A expression in Java medaka.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to Nobuyuki Ohkubo (Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency) for generously lending us the plastic cutting mill, which was essential for our experiments. We are deeply grateful to editors from ELSS, Inc. (https://www.elss.co.jp/en/) for English proofreading of the manuscript. This work was partly supported by a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI grant (JP21H05058), a Long-range Research Initiative by the Japan Chemical Industry Association (19_R05-01), and the cooperative research program of the Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University (20061).
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YT: conceptualization, formal analysis, investigation, writing—original draft, funding acquisition. AT: conceptualization, formal analysis, investigation. MH: funding acquisition, writing—review and editing. XQ, YS, and IJK: supervision, writing—review and editing. YO: conceptualization, supervision, funding acquisition, writing—review and editing.
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Takai, Y., Tominaga, A., Honda, M. et al. Combined effect of anthracene and polyethylene microplastics on swimming speed and cytochrome P4501A monooxygenase expression of Java medaka (Oryzias javanicus). Ecotoxicology 32, 948–957 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-023-02700-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-023-02700-4