Abstract
The conservation of terrestrial ecosystems depends largely on the preservation of pollinators, mainly bees. Stingless bees are among the main pollinators of native plants and crops in tropical regions, where they can be exposed to agrochemicals while foraging on contaminated flowers. In the present study, we investigated the effects on stingless bees of both a commonly used insecticide and herbicide in Brazil. Plebeia lucii Moure, 2004 (Apidae: Meliponini) foragers were orally chronically exposed to food contaminated with different concentrations of commercial formulations of the insecticide acephate or the herbicide glyphosate. Bee mortality increased with increasing agrochemical concentrations. Depending on its concentration, the acephate-based formulation reduced the lifespan and impaired the flight ability of bees. The glyphosate-based formulation was toxic only under unrealistic concentrations. Our results demonstrate that realistic concentrations of acephate-based insecticides harm the survival and alter the mobility of stingless bees. The ingestion of glyphosate-based herbicides was safe for forager bees under realistic concentrations.
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“The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.”
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Acknowledgements
We thank the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES; Finance Code 001) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), for funding. We acknowledge the Brazilian Biodiversity Fund (Funbio) and Instituto Humanize (via the program “FUNBIO Grants—Conserving the Future”; Grant number: 107/2019), and the Rufford Foundation (via the Rufford Small Grants Program; Application ID: 30578-1) which also supported this research. We also thank Wagner Faria Barbosa, Gustavo Ferreira Martins, and Italo Salvatore de Castro Pecci Maddalena for their valuable comments which improved this manuscript.
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This work was supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) (Finance Code 001) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG). Author Lívia Maria Negrini Ferreira has received research support from the Brazilian Biodiversity Fund (Funbio) and Instituto Humanize via the program “FUNBIO Grants—Conserving the Future” (Grant number: 107/2019), and from The Rufford Foundation via the Rufford Small Grants Programme (Application ID: 30578-1).
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Study conception and design were established by Lívia Maria Negrini Ferreira, Michael Hrncir, and Maria Augusta Pereira Lima. Material preparation was performed by Lívia Maria Negrini Ferreira and Maria Augusta Pereira Lima. Data collection was performed by Lívia Maria Negrini Ferreira and Danilo Vieira de Almeida. Statistical analyses were performed by Lívia Maria Negrini Ferreira, Rodrigo Cupertino Bernardes, and Michael Hrncir. The fundings were acquired by Lívia Maria Negrini Ferreira and Maria Augusta Pereira Lima. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Lívia Maria Negrini Ferreira and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Plebeia lucii is found in degraded and urban areas in Brazil. It is neither a protected nor an endangered species. According to Brazilian legislation, we acquired two permissions to perform the present study (SISBIO permit no. 71998-0 and SISGEN permit no. AE230B3) and ethics approval is not necessary in researches conducted with invertebrates. In addition, our methods are consistent with commonly accepted norms of animal welfare. “The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.”
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Ferreira, L.M.N., Hrncir, M., de Almeida, D.V. et al. Effects of acephate and glyphosate-based agrochemicals on the survival and flight of Plebeia lucii Moure, 2004 (Apidae: Meliponini). Ecotoxicology 32, 926–936 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-023-02698-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-023-02698-9