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4E and Multi-criteria Optimization of a New Alternative Intercooling Method for Modified Brayton Cycle on the Operation of a Hybrid Energy System

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Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Mechanical Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Modifying a simple Brayton cycle by utilizing an intercooler/reheater during compression/expansion processes within the compressor/turbine is an enviro-economic feasible approach for a more efficient system with cleaner productions. A Brayton-Rankine cycle performance is enhanced in this study by placing an ejector refrigerating cycle (ERC) to produce refrigerating load from wasted heat recovery for the intercooling process between the compression stages in the Brayton cycle. Analyses including energy, exergy, economics, and environmental are performed to investigate the proposed combination of the Brayton-Rankine cycle with the ERC and compare it with various typical types of the Brayton-Rankine cycles. Eventually, a robust parametric study and multi-criteria optimization model are developed based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II method to assess system performance and find its optimal operating point. Results showed that the intercooler with cooling fluid coming from the ERC reduces the fuel consumption, CO2 emission, and combined cycle's levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) significantly compared to common intercoolers with atmospheric air as the cooling fluid. The energy and exergy efficiencies of the proposed cycle are higher than the typical Brayton-Rankine cycles. The highest thermal and exergy efficiencies and the lowest fuel consumption, LCOE, and CO2 emissions are 62.79%, 60.11%, 114.7 kg/MWh, 27.61 $/MWh, 316.83 kg/MWh, respectively, related to the combination of the ERC and the reheat Brayton-Rankine cycle. These values are obtained through stand-alone technical and economic analyses. Applying simultaneous effects of exergy and economic indices in multi-objective optimization resulted in the optimum exergy efficiency of 57.64% and LCOE of 29.93 $/MWh.

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Abbreviations

\(A\) :

Area (m2)

C P :

Specific heat at constant pressure (kJ/kg K)

\(\dot{C}\) :

Cost rate ($)

\(\mathrm{CRF}\) :

Capital recovery factor (−)

\(ex\) :

Specific exergy (kJ/kg)

\(\dot{E}{x}_{des}\) :

Exergy destruction rate (kW)

\(\dot{E}x\) :

Exergy rate (kW)

h :

Specific enthalpy (kJ/kg)

\({i}_{\mathrm{eff}}\) :

Effective annual cost of interest rate (%)

\(\mathrm{LHV}\) :

Lower heating value (kJ/kg)

LCOE:

Levelized cost of electricity ($/MWh)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg/s)

\(N\) :

Number of the system operating years

\(P\) :

Pressure (kPa)

\(\Delta P\) :

Pressure drop (bar)

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Heat rate (kW)

R AC :

Air compressor pressure ratio (−)

\(t\) :

Operating time in a year (s)

\(T\) :

Temperature (K)

T pz :

Primary zone combustion temperature

\(v\) :

Velocity (m/s)

\(\dot{W}\) :

Power rate (kW)

\(X\) :

Mole fraction

\(Z\) :

Purchase cost ($)

\(\dot{Z}\) :

Annual cost rate ($/y)

a :

Air

\(\mathrm{av}\) :

Average

AC:

Air compressor

\(ch\) :

Chemical

cond:

Condenser

CC:

Combustion chamber

D :

Diffuser section of the ejector

DWH:

Domestic water heater

e :

Outlet

env:

Environment

eva:

Evaporator

f :

Fuel

FWP:

Feed water pump

g :

Exhaust gas

gen:

Generator

GT:

Gas turbine

HE:

Heat exchanger

HP:

High pressure

i :

Inlet

is:

Isentropic

LP:

Low pressure

\(\mathrm{MF}\) :

Mixed flow

mixing:

Mixing section of the ejector

n :

Nozzle

\(ne\) :

Nozzle exit

net:

Net output

\(ni\) :

Nozzle inlet

\(ph\) :

Physical

\(Q\) :

Heat

RG:

Regenerator

\(\mathrm{SF}\) :

Secondary flow

st:

Steam

ST:

Steam turbine

th:

Thermal

tot:

Total

W :

Work

\(\varepsilon\) :

Heat exchanger effectiveness (%)

η :

Efficiency (%)

γ :

Specific heat ratio (−)

φ :

Maintenance factor (−)

λ :

Fuel to air ratio (−)

µ :

Entrainment ratio (−)

\(\tau\) :

Residence time (s)

\(\rho\) :

Density (kg/m3)

\({\zeta }_{{\mathrm{CO}}_{2}}\) :

Levelized CO2 emission (kg/MWh)

4E:

Energy-Exergy-Economic-Environmental

AC:

Air compressor

AP:

Approach point

ARC:

Absorption refrigeration cycle

BC:

Brayton cycle

CC:

Combustion chamber

CCHP:

Combined cooling, heating, and power

CPER:

Combined power and ejector refrigeration

DWH:

Domestic water heater

ERC:

Ejector refrigeration cycle

GA:

Genetic algorithm

HRSG:

Heat recovery steam generator

NSGA-II:

Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II

ORC:

Organic Rankine cycle

PP:

Pinch point

RBC:

Regenerative Brayton cycle

FC:

Fuel consumption

ST:

Steam turbine

TIT:

Gas turbine inlet temperature

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, 3619995161, Iran

    Vahab Okati & Ali Jabari Moghadam

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1111, Mashhad, Iran

    Mahmood Farzaneh-Gord

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jahrom University, 74135-111, Jahrom, Iran

    Mahbod Moein-Jahromi

Authors
  1. Vahab Okati
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  2. Ali Jabari Moghadam
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  3. Mahmood Farzaneh-Gord
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  4. Mahbod Moein-Jahromi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ali Jabari Moghadam.

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Okati, V., Moghadam, A.J., Farzaneh-Gord, M. et al. 4E and Multi-criteria Optimization of a New Alternative Intercooling Method for Modified Brayton Cycle on the Operation of a Hybrid Energy System. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Mech Eng (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40997-023-00708-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40997-023-00708-z

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