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Polymer Electrolytes Based on Polybenzimidazole, Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride-co-Hexafluoropropylene), and Ionic Liquids

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Abstract

Ionic liquids, salts with melting temperature below 100°C, have continuously attracted research interest. Introduction of ionic liquids in a polymer matrix affords polymer electrolytes exhibiting extremely high electroconductivity and electrochemical stability, membranes on their basis possessing good mechanical properties. Diversity of the polymers/copolymers suitable as the matrix as well as practically unlimited variety of ionic liquids (obtained via variation of the anion-cation composition and additional modification of the ions chemical structure) have afforded the polymer electrolytes with a wide range of the physico-chemical properties. In this study, the attention has been primarily focused on the results published over the recent decades and related to investigation of electrolytes for electrochemical devices, in which the membranes based on polybenzimidazole (meta-PBI), the poly(vinylidene fluoride-со-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) copolymer, and ammonium or imidazolium ionic liquids have been used. Various types of polymer electrolytes differing in the composition and the application range have been considered in this study: polymer + ionic liquid, polymer + ionic liquid + acid, and polymer + ionic liquid + lithium/sodium salt. Moreover, the influence of the fillers, introduced in the above-said polymer electrolytes to improve the properties and resolve the issue of the ionic liquid retention in the membrane, has been discussed. This report presents vast data sets (tables) on the electroconductivity and thermal stability of more than 100 polymer electrolytes, which are demanded by the broad journal audience.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Krestov Institute of Solutions Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 153045, Ivanovo, Russia

    L. P. Safonova & L. E. Shmukler

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  1. L. P. Safonova
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  2. L. E. Shmukler
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Correspondence to L. E. Shmukler.

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Translated by E. Karpushkin

APPENDIX

APPENDIX

ABBREVIATIONS

Cations

AEIm

3-Allyl-1-ethylimidazolium

AMIm

3-Allyl-1-methylimidazolium

AMEtA

N-Methyl-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-N,N-bis[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]ethane-1-ammonium

AMEtIm

N-Methyl-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-N,N-bis[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]imidazolium

ApMIm

1-(3-Aminopropyl)-3-methylimidazolium

BIm

1-Butylimidazolium

BMIm

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium

C3CNMIm

1-Cyanomethyl-3-methylimidazolium

DEA

Diethylammonium

DEMA

Diethylmethylammonium

DEMMsA

N,N-Diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium

DIPEA

Diisopropylethylammonium

DMEA

Dimethylethylammonium

DMEtOHA

N,N-Dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium

EIm

1-H-3-Ethylimidazolium

EMIm

1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium

HMIm

1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium

MIm

1-H-3-Methylimidazolium

MMEtA

N-Methyl-N-tris(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium

MsMIm

1-(3-Trimethoxysilylpropyl)-3-methylimidazolium

MtOHTMA

(2-Hydroxymethyl)trimethylammonium

OHEMIm

1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium

PDEIm

Poly(1,2-diethoxyethylimidazolium)

Pr(MIm)2

1,3-Di(3-methylimidazolium)propane

SEMA

2-Sulfoethylmethylammonum

TBA

Tributylammonium

TEA

Triethylammonium

TEOA

Triethanolammonium

TESPA

Triethyl(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium

TetEA

Tetraethylammonium

Polymers

PBI

Poly-2,2'-(m-phenylene)-5,5'-di(benzimidazole)

PBI-O-Ph

Derivative of polybenzimidazole bearing benzofuran fragments

P(MMA-co-BMA)

Poly(methyl methacrylate–co–butyl methacrylate)

pPBI

Porous polybenzimidazole

PVdF-HFP

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)

PVP

Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)

SPEEK

Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)

Anions

BF4

Tetrafluoroborate

Br

Bromide

CF3BF3

Trifluoro(trifluoromethyl)borate

C2F5BF3

(Perfluoroethyl)trifluoroborate

(CH3)2PO4

Dimethylphosphate

Cl

Chloride

DCA

Dicyanamide

H2PO4

Dihydrophosphate

HSO4

Hydrosulfate

I

Iodide

NCS

Thiocyanate

NfO

Nonafluoro-1-butanesulfonate

PF6

Hexafluorophosphate

TCB

Tetracyanoborate

TCM

Tricyanomethanide

TFA

Trifluoroacetate

TfO

Trifluoromethanesulfonate

TFSI

Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide

Fillers

CNTs

Carbon nanotubes

ETS

Functionalized microporous titanosilicate-type material

GNSs

Graphene nanosheets

GO

Graphene oxide

rGO-PEG-NH2

2,2''-(Ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) covalently linked to reduced graphene oxide

IPTS

3-(Triethoxysilyl)propyl isocyanate

LASGP

Li1.5Al0.33Sc0.17Ge1.5(PO4)3

MDA

Melamine-based dendrimer functionalized with mesoporous silica SBA-15

NaY

Sodium-type zeolite

NH4BEA

Large-pores zeolite

SiO2–poly(VPIM/TFSI)

Ionic liquid covalently bound to silica nanoparticles

SN

Succinonitrile

SWCNT

Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes

TAIC

Triallylisocyanurate

Solvents

DEC

Diethyl carbonate

DMC

Dimethyl carbonate

DME

Dimethoxyethane

DMF

Dimethylformamide

DOL

Dioxolane

EC

Ethylene carbonate

PC

Propylene carbonate

TEGDME

Tetra(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether

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Safonova, L.P., Shmukler, L.E. Polymer Electrolytes Based on Polybenzimidazole, Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride-co-Hexafluoropropylene), and Ionic Liquids. Polym. Sci. Ser. A 65, 312–336 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0965545X23701080

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0965545X23701080

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