Abstract
We consider the Fokker–Planck equation (FPE) for the orientation probability density of fiber suspensions. Using the continuous Galerkin method, we express the numerical solution in terms of Lagrange basis functions that are associated with N nodes of a computational mesh for a domain in the 3D physical space and M nodes of a mesh for the surface of a unit sphere representing the configuration space. The NM time-dependent unknowns of our finite element approximations are probabilities corresponding to discrete space locations and orientation angles. The framework of alternating-direction methods enables us to update the numerical solution in parallel by solving N evolution equations on the sphere and M three-dimensional advection equations in each (pseudo-)time step. To ensure positivity preservation as well as the normalization property of the probability density, we perform algebraic flux correction for each equation and synchronize the correction factors corresponding to different orientation angles. The velocity field for the spatial advection step is obtained using a Schur complement method to solve a generalized system of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations (NSE). Fiber-induced subgrid-scale effects are taken into account using an effective stress tensor that depends on the second- and fourth-order moments of the orientation density function. Numerical studies are performed for individual subproblems and for the coupled FPE-NSE system.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the German Research Association (DFG) under grant KU 1530/24-1. We thank Dr. Kevin Breuer (TU Dortmund) and Prof. Markus Stommel (TU Dresden) for collaborating with us on this project. We are also deeply grateful to Maximilian Esser and Peter Zajac (TU Dortmund) for sharing their FEAT3-based Navier–Stokes solver, helping to implement the two-way coupling with the Fokker–Planck solver, and assisting the first author with other FEAT3 programming tasks.
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