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Oral health effect of an oral rinse containing cetylpyridinium chloride: a randomized clinical trial

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Abstract

Background

Regular brushing is the most popular oral hygiene technique and using additional interdental cleaning tools like dental floss and oral rinse (OR) is advised. The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of ORs containing 0.045% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) on oral health-related parameters in a 4-week-long double-blinded and randomized clinical trial.

Methods

Seventy-four subjects were assigned to four groups: two control groups that used non-CPC-containing ORs (C1 [n = 20], C2 [n = 19]) and two groups that used CPC-containing ORs (immediate-use CPC [IUC] [n = 16], concentrated-use CPC [CUC] [n = 19]). The subjects were instructed to gargle with 20 mL of the ORs for 30 s after brushing their teeth thrice a day for 4 weeks. There was a substantial decrease in the levels of volatile sulfur compounds after the use of the ORs.

Results

The Turesky modification of the Quigley–Hein Plaque Index and Löe and Silness Gingival Index showed a decreasing trend after the intervention, but not at a significant level. The Tongue Coating Index also showed a decrease in the intervention groups, but not in the control groups. Surprisingly, in both formulations, the inclusion of CPC in OR dramatically decreased the growth of aerobic bacteria in the mouth by expressed CFU/mL in both treatment groups.

Conclusion

CPC-containing ORs can be recommended as an adjunct to the standard home care routine in promoting oral health.

Clinical trial registration

NCT05644236.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their sincere gratitude to Amway Korea Ltd., Seoul Republic of Korea for supporting this study.

Funding

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Author notes

  1. Md. Habibur Rahman, Jayson M. Antonio and Yun-Seon Lee contributed equally to this study and share the first authorship.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea

    Md. Habibur Rahman, Ailyn Fadriquela, Cheol-Su Kim & Kyu-Jae Lee

  2. Department of Microbiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea

    Jayson M. Antonio

  3. Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26493, Republic of Korea

    Yun-Seon Lee, Soo-Min Kim & Sun-Young Han

  4. Innovation and Science, Amway Korea Ltd., Seoul, 06414, Republic of Korea

    Yeonkyung Lee & Jaeeun You

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Contributions

Conceptualization, K-JL; methodology, K-JL, S-YH, S-MK, YL, and Y-SL; software, MHR and JMA; validation, JMA, MHR, and C-SK; formal analysis, JMA, MHR, and AF; investigation, C-SK; resources, JMA; data curation, MHR, JMA, and AF; writing—original draft preparation, C-SK, MHR, and JMA; writing—review and editing, C-SK, AF, Y-SL, S-YH, YL, JY; visualization, C-SK; supervision, C-SK and K-JL; project administration, K-JL; funding acquisition, K-JL. All the authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kyu-Jae Lee.

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Conflict of interest

Md. Habibur Rahman declares that they have no conflict of interest. Jayson M. Antonio declares that they have no conflict of interest. Yun-Seon Lee declares that they have no conflict of interest. Ailyn Fadriquela declares that they have no conflict of interest. Soo-Min Kim declares that they have no conflict of interest. Sun-Young Han declares that they have no conflict of interest. Yeonkyung Lee declares that they have no conflict of interest. Jaeeun You declares that they have no conflict of interest. Cheol-Su Kim declares that they have no conflict of interest. Kyu-Jae Lee declares that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

Ethical approval was granted by the Institutional Research Ethics Review Board, Yonsei University, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital (IRBN CR321058). We confirm that all methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

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Rahman, M.H., Antonio, J.M., Lee, YS. et al. Oral health effect of an oral rinse containing cetylpyridinium chloride: a randomized clinical trial. Mol. Cell. Toxicol. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13273-023-00385-8

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