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Protein Kinases and their Inhibitors Implications in Modulating Disease Progression

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Abstract

Protein phosphorylation plays an important role in cellular pathways, including cell cycle regulation, metabolism, differentiation and survival. The protein kinase superfamily network consists of 518 members involved in intrinsic or extrinsic interaction processes. Protein kinases are divided into two categories based on their ability to phosphorylate tyrosine, serine, and threonine residues. The complexity of the system implies its vulnerability. Any changes in the pathways of protein kinases may be implicated in pathological processes. Therefore, they are regarded as having an important role in human diseases and represent prospective therapeutic targets. This article provides a review of the protein kinase inhibitors approved by the FDA. Finally, we summarize the mechanism of action of protein kinases, including their role in the development and progression of protein kinase-related roles in various pathological conditions and the future therapeutic potential of protein kinase inhibitors, along with links to protein kinase databases. Further clinical studies aimed at examining the sequence of protein kinase inhibitor availability would better utilize current protein kinase inhibitors in diseases. Additionally, this review may help researchers and biochemists find new potent and selective protein kinase inhibitors and provide more indications for using existing drugs.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Office of Doctoral Studies and Research (Prof. S.W. Akhtar and Prof. Syed Misbahul Hasan), Integral University for critically reviewing the manuscript and providing the manuscript number (MCN No.: IU/R&D/ 2023- MCN 0001946).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India

    Rabiya Ahsan, Mohd Muazzam Khan & Gazala Noor

  2. Department of pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India

    Anuradha Mishra

  3. Department of pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India

    Usama Ahmad

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Conceptualization: MM; Writing and original draft preparation: RA; Writing—review and editing, GN, AM; Supervision: MM, UA. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mohd Muazzam Khan.

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Ahsan, R., Khan, M.M., Mishra, A. et al. Protein Kinases and their Inhibitors Implications in Modulating Disease Progression. Protein J 42, 621–632 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10930-023-10159-9

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