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Effect of Nickel Promoted Niobium Catalyst on Toluene Nitration Reaction

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Abstract

A series of Ni–Nb2O5/SiO2 catalysts with varying Ni loadings (5–25 wt %) were prepared. The catalytic activity of the materials was evaluated by nitration of toluene. Ni–Nb2O5/SiO2 catalyst showed good catalytic activity, selectivity, and reusability for the nitration of toluene. Under the optimal conditions, conversion of toluene by 88% to mononitrotoluene was achieved with 100% selectivity. Experiments were designed by the Minitab software, and the effect of reaction conditions was investigated. The optimal reaction condition was also achieved for the high amount of total products and the lowest amount of meta-isomer using this software. The reusability of catalyst also was studied in this work at the same operating conditions, and the catalyst was stable for four runs without losing catalytic activity.

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Funding

The authors acknowledge financial support from the University of Malek Ashtar for providing the facilities to perform the research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, P.O. Box 83145/115, Shahin-Shahr, Iran

    M. Sahebi, M. Nasiri & A. Shokrollahi

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  1. M. Sahebi
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Correspondence to M. Nasiri.

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Abbreviations and notation: ANBO, ammonium niobate(V) oxalate hydrate; TEOS, tetraethyl orthosilicate; Py, pyridine; ONT, ortho-nitrotoluene; PNT, para-nitrotoluene; MNT, meta-nitrotoluene; GC, gas chromatography; ECD, electron capture detector; XRD, powder X-ray diffraction; FT-IR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; SEM, scanning electron microscopy; EDS, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; RSM, response surface methodology; CCD, central composite design; A/T, nitric acid/toluene molar ratio; ANOVA, analysis of variance.

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Sahebi, M., Nasiri, M. & Shokrollahi, A. Effect of Nickel Promoted Niobium Catalyst on Toluene Nitration Reaction. Kinet Catal 64, 635–644 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0023158423050105

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