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Experimental Study of a Single-Layer Free-Form Envelope Node Under Axial Loadings

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Abstract

For a single-layer structure system, a specific node system with axial and moment capacities is required. In particular, sufficient axial strength is necessary, because membrane stress is typically the dominant distributed stress throughout the structure. In this study, to assess the safety of the proposed FREE (flexible, resilient, efficient, and economical) node in sustaining tensile and compressive forces, the failure and ultimate strengths are obtained under monotonic and cyclic loads. The implemented tests are mainly classified into two. A welding connection type test is performed to evaluate the capacity of the node subjected to monotonic loading. To investigate the stiffness of the entire system, a bolted connection was tested under monotonic loading. Results showed that the FREE node could safely sustain tensile forces. The yield load of specimens T-Mo-N1 and N2 (432 and 434 kN) satisfy the required capacity 250 kN. However, when the node was subjected to compressive force (considering specimens C-Mo-N and C-Mo-B6), bending moment occurred, such that the total strength significantly decreased. A hollow sphere reinforced by an additional steel plate was found to provide satisfactory strength and results. The yield load is 768 kN that satisfy required capacity (435 kN). Consequently, the improved FREE node had excellent capacity for axial forces.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The content of the article is based on a chapter of the first author’s unpublished doctoral thesis, which has been revised and expanded in this paper. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (Nos. 2021R1A2C1095145 and 2022R1C1C1003594).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Architectural and Civil Engineering, Kyungil University, 50 Gamasilgil, Hayangeup, Gyeongbuk, 38428, Republic of Korea

    Jintak Oh

  2. Department of Architectural Design, Chonnam National University, 50 Daehak-ro, Yeosu-si, Jeonnam, 59626, Republic of Korea

    Jaehoon Bae

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Correspondence to Jaehoon Bae.

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Oh, J., Bae, J. Experimental Study of a Single-Layer Free-Form Envelope Node Under Axial Loadings. Int J Civ Eng 22, 421–433 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-023-00897-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-023-00897-3

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