Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical commonly utilized in the manufacture of plastics, which may cause damage to brain tissue. Curcumin is a phytochemical with protective effects against neurological and mental diseases. The purpose of this research was to evaluate whether nanomicellar curcumin (NmCur) might protect rats against BPA-induced learning and memory deficits. After determining the proper dose of BPA, the animals were randomly divided into 8 groups (8 rats in each group) receiving dextrose 5% (as vehicle of NmCur) (Dex), sesame oil (as vehicle of BPA) (Sea), Sea plus Dex, NmCur (50 mg/kg), BPA (50 mg/kg), and 50 mg/kg BPA plus 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg NmCur groups, respectively. Behavioral tests performed using passive avoidance training (PAT), open-field (OF), and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. The expression of oxidative stress markers, proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress-scavenging enzymes, glutamate receptors, and MAPK and memory-related proteins was measured in rat hippocampus and cortical tissues. BPA up-regulated ROS, MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, SOD, GST, p-P38, and p-JNK levels; however, it down-regulated GSH, GPx, GR, CAT, p-AKT, p-ERK1/2, p-NR1, p-NR2A, p-NR2B, p-GluA1, p-CREB, and BDNF levels. BPA decreased step-through latency (STL) and peripheral and total, but not central, locomotor activity. It increased the time to find the hidden platform, the mean of escape latency time, and the traveled distance in the target quadrant, but decreased the time spent in the target quadrant. The combination of BPA (50 mg/kg) and NmCur (25 and 50 mg/kg) reversed all of BPA's adverse effects. Therefore, NmCur exhibited neuroprotective effects against subacute BPA-caused learning and memory impairment.
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Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank the Vice Chancellor of Research, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran for financial support of this study. This work was also financially supported by grant number 931581 and Mahmoud Gorji-Valokola for his doctoral dissertation at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.
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This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences by grant number 931581.
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Mahmoud Gorji-Valokola investigated and planned the project. He also participated in all stages of the project, e.g., performing some laboratory work, analyzing data, and writing and editing the final manuscript. Somaye Fallahnezhad participated in performing all stages of the laboratory work, analyzing data, and writing and editing the initial and final manuscript. Faezeh Ghorbani-Taherdehi, Azade Nadim, Mehrnaz Kafashzadeh, and Mehrnoosh Kafashzadeh prepared the section on materials and methods, reviewed the experimental data, wrote the results, and contributed to the initial drafting and editing of the manuscript. Amirhossein Sahebkar contributed to the final editing of the manuscript.
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The methodology for this study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (IR.MUMS.REC.1394.281).
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Fallahnezhad, S., Ghorbani-Taherdehi, F., Sahebkar, A. et al. Potential neuroprotective effect of nanomicellar curcumin on learning and memory functions following subacute exposure to bisphenol A in adult male rats. Metab Brain Dis 38, 2691–2720 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-023-01257-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-023-01257-9