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A re-evaluation of stannopalladinite using modern analytical techniques

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 September 2023

Anatoly V. Kasatkin Open the ORCID record for Anatoly V. Kasatkin [Opens in a new window] ,
Anna Vymazalová Open the ORCID record for Anna Vymazalová [Opens in a new window] ,
Fabrizio Nestola Open the ORCID record for Fabrizio Nestola [Opens in a new window] ,
Vladislav V. Gurzhiy Open the ORCID record for Vladislav V. Gurzhiy [Opens in a new window] ,
Atali A. Agakhanov ,
Radek Škoda ,
Dmitry I. Belakovskiy  and
Mikhail E. Generalov
Anatoly V. Kasatkin*
Affiliation:
Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 18-2, 119071, Moscow, Russia
Anna Vymazalová
Affiliation:
Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague, Czech Republic
Fabrizio Nestola
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6, I-35131, Padova, Italy
Vladislav V. Gurzhiy
Affiliation:
Department of Crystallography, Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, University Embankment 7/9, 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Atali A. Agakhanov
Affiliation:
Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 18-2, 119071, Moscow, Russia
Radek Škoda
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
Dmitry I. Belakovskiy
Affiliation:
Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 18-2, 119071, Moscow, Russia
Mikhail E. Generalov
Affiliation:
Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 18-2, 119071, Moscow, Russia
*
Corresponding author: Anatoly V. Kasatkin; Email: anatoly.kasatkin@gmail.com
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Abstract

An investigation of sample 41647 from the Platinum Placer of Ugol'nyi Ruchei, Norilsk Cu–Ni deposit, Russia, stored in the systematic collection of the Fersman Mineralogical Museum, revealed that it contained a mineral that can be identified as the original stannopalladinite described in 1947. As the literature information on the latter is controversial, the mineral was re-investigated using modern analytical techniques. Stannopalladinite occurs as spherical and ovoid-shaped grains up to 0.08 mm, closely intergrown with tetraferroplatinum as part of flattened, prismatic crystals up to 6 mm long. The micro-indentation hardness of stannopalladinite (VHN, 30 g load) is 244 kg/mm2 (range 233–266, n = 4), corresponding to a Mohs hardness of 4. The calculated density is 9.781 g/cm3. In reflected light, stannopalladinite is pale pink. The bireflectance is noticeable only in oil immersion. In crossed nicols the mineral exhibits strong anisotropy with colour effects changing from reddish purple to greyish blue and polysynthetic twinning of grains. The reflectance curves show distinct anomalous dispersion. The chemical composition (wt.%, electron microprobe data, mean of 11 analyses) is: Cu 8.48, Pd 61.21, Pt 0.89, Sn 25.87, Pb 3.70, total 100.15. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of 4 atoms per formula unit is (Pd2.42Cu0.56Pt0.02)Σ3.00(Sn0.92Pb0.08)Σ1.00. The ideal chemical formula of stannopalladinite is therefore proposed as (Pd,Cu)3Sn instead of Pd3Sn2 used in the official IMA List of Minerals. The strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines are [dobs, Å (I, %) (hkl) ]: 2.292 (42) (231), 2.166 (100) (331), 2.034 (10) (710), 1.916 (15) (141) and 1.851 (15) (630). The powder X-ray data are indexed in the orthorhombic unit cell with a = 14.634(2), b = 8.5253(6), c = 4.5946(3) Å and V = 573.24(7) Å3 (Z = 8). Stannopalladinite can be reliably identified among all other minerals belonging to the binary Pd–Sn and ternary Pd–Cu–Sn systems by a combination of chemical, optical and X-ray data.

Keywords

stannopalladiniteoptical propertieschemical formulaX-ray dataUgol'nyi RucheiNorilsk depositPd–SnPd–Cu–Sn systems
Type
Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 87 , Issue 5 , October 2023 , pp. 773 - 782
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Mineralogical Society of the United Kingdom and Ireland

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Ian Terence Graham

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