Abstract
Curcuma caesia Roxb. is a critically endangered herb belonging to the Zingiberaceae family with economic and medicinal importance associated with its rhizomes. The prime function of epicurzerenone (a sesquiterpene) is to eliminate reactive oxygen species and is, therefore, known to have antitumor properties. In the present investigation, in vitro elicitation of terpenes was carried out on microrhizomes of C. caesia using salicylic acid and jasmonic acid at 25.0 µM and 50.0 µM each for 30 and 60 d. The jasmonic acid treatment did not affect morphology of the cultures compared to the un-elicited cultures. The jasmonic acid treated had similar or less epicurzerenone area% than the un-elicited cultures (23.48%). Even the total terpenoids content was less in the jasmonic acid treated ones than the un-elicited cultures. However, phenolic content was higher than the un-elicited cultures in jasmonic acid treated. Among all the tested elicitations, cultures with 25.0 µM salicylic acid on the 60th day had the least fresh weight of microrhizomes. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed epicurzerenone as the dominant sesquiterpene in all the elicited and un-elicited cultures on the 60th day. Salicylic acid at 25.0 µM level could elicit the highest accumulation of epicurzerenone (32.11%) compared to the other treatments, un-elicited culture (23.48%), and field-grown mother plant (12.43%). Biochemical studies during in vitro elicitation revealed that the protein, ascorbate, glutathione, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content increased significantly on the 60th day; similarly, the superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase activity also increased at the 30th day and then decreased at the 60th day in the 25.0 µM salicylic acid elicited cultures. These alterations in the biochemical parameters showed that treatment with 25.0 µM salicylic acid could induce a significant stress in the microrhizomes of C. caesia, which led to enhanced production of secondary metabolites, including terpenes (0.1649 mg abscisic acid equivalents g−1 dry weight) and phenols (0.1382 mg gallic acid equivalents g−1 dry weight).
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the Head, School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (India), for providing laboratory facilities. We are also grateful to the Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (India), for the university research fellowship (797/Fin/Sch/2021 date 20.10.2021) to Ms. Afreen Anjum. The authors are thankful to the Sophisticated Analytical Instruments Facility, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai (TN), for GC-MS analysis.
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The authors are thankful to the Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh (India), for the financial support in the form of a research fellowship and contingency grant (797/Fin/Sch/2021 date 20.10.2021).
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AA: investigation, methodology, data curation, formal analysis, writing, and original draft; AQ: conceptualization, supervision, review, and editing.
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Anjum, A., Quraishi, A. Enhanced epicurzerenone production via in vitro elicitation of microrhizomes of Curcuma caesia Roxb.. In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 59, 825–838 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-023-10390-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-023-10390-0