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Understanding Abuse, Mental Health, and Substance Use: The Role of Victimization in a Jail Population

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Abstract

The role of victimization in criminal behavior has been researched previously, particularly in justice-involved youth and prison samples. The contribution of such adversity in jail samples is less articulated. The current study examines the effect of physical abuse, sexual abuse, and polyvictimization (physical and sexual abuse) on behavioral health and substance use outcomes in a sample of individuals who went through the intake process at one jail. Through use of logistic regression models, we examined the impact of abuse on internalizing mental health issues, externalizing mental health issues, and substance use disorder. Findings demonstrated relationships between abuse and internalizing disorders, abuse and externalizing disorders, as well as between abuse and substance use disorder, with the effect of sexual abuse greater for women and the impact of polyvictimization larger for men. Policy implications are discussed.

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Notes

  1. We use the terms “trauma” and “victimization” broadly but focus on physical abuse, sexual abuse, and polyvictimization (physical and sexual abuse) in this study.

  2. We focus on behavioral health disorders in the current study, which can include mental illness.

  3. Three or more symptoms represent “high” severity for these measures. The median for both measures was 2.

  4. We also ran analyses with SUD coded differently (no disorder = 0 or presence of mild, moderate, or severe disorder = 1), and there were few substantive differences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Wisconsin Department of Corrections, 3099 E. Washington Ave, Madison, WI, 53704, USA

    M. A. Kowalski

  2. School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Nebraska Center for Justice Research, University of Nebraska Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE, 218 CPACS68182, USA

    M. Campagna & R. Spohn

  3. Justice Policy Center at the Urban Institute, Washington, D.C., USA

    E. M. Wright

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Kowalski, M.A., Campagna, M., Wright, E.M. et al. Understanding Abuse, Mental Health, and Substance Use: The Role of Victimization in a Jail Population. Am J Crim Just 48, 1320–1342 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-023-09744-6

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