No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Acquisition of the feature [+spread glottis] in Icelandic
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 October 2023
Abstract
The feature [+spread glottis] ([+s.g.]) denotes that a speech sound is produced with a wide glottal aperture with audible voiceless airflow. Icelandic is unusual in the degree to which [+spread glottis] is involved in the phonology: in /h/, pre-aspirated and post-aspirated stops, voiceless fricatives and voiceless sonorants. The ubiquitousness of the feature could potentially affect the rate and process of its acquisition. This paper investigates the development of [+s.g.] in Icelandic, both in general and in a range of contexts, in a cross-sectional study of 433 typically developing Icelandic-speaking children aged two to seven years. As a feature, [+s.g.] is acquired early in Icelandic, although specific sound classes lag behind due to other output constraints. Children reach mastery of [+s.g.] by age three except in word-initial post-aspirated stops and voiceless nasals. Findings are interpreted in light of the literature on the feature and its development.
Keywords
- Type
- Article
- Information
- Copyright
- © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press
References
Árnason, K. (1986). The segmental and suprasegmental aspects of preaspiration. Nordic Journal of Linguistics 9(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0332586500001384CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Árnason, K. (2005). Íslensk tunga I: Hljóð [Icelandic language: Sounds]. Reykjavik: Almenna bókafélagiðGoogle Scholar
Árnason, K. (2011). The phonology of Icelandic and Faroese. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199229314.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beckman, M. E., & Edwards, J. (2010). Generalizing over lexicons to predict consonant mastery. Laboratory Phonology, 1(2), 319–343. https://doi.org/10.1515/LABPHON.2010.017CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beers, W. (1995). The phonology of normally developing and language-impaired children. Amsterdam: Uitgave IFOTT.Google Scholar
Bernhardt, B. H., & Stemberger, J. P. (1998). Handbook of phonological development: From the perspective of constraint-based nonlinear phonology. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Bombien, L. (2006). Voicing alterations in Icelandic sonorants – a photoglottographic and acoustic analysis. In Arbeitsberichte des Instituts für Phonetik und digitale Sprachverarbeitung der Universität Kiel, 37, 63–82.Google Scholar
Clausen, M. C., & Fox-Boyer, A. (2017). Phonological development of Danish-speaking children: A normative cross-sectional study. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 31(6), 440–458. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699206.2017.1308014CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dodd, B., Holm, A., Hua, Z., & Crosbie, S. (2003). Phonological development: A normative study of British English-speaking children. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 17(8), 617–643. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269920031000111348CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fox, A. V., & Dodd, B. J. (1999). Der Erwerb des phonologischen System in der Deutschen Sprache [The acquisition of phonological systems in German]. Sprache – Stimme – Gehör, 23, 183–191.Google Scholar
Gíslason, I., Konráðsson, S., & Jóhannesson, B. (1986). Framburður og myndun fleirtölu hjá 200 íslenskum börnum við fjögra og sex ára aldur [Articulation and production of plurals in the speech of 200 Icelandic children at the age of four and six years]. Reykjavík: Icelandic College of Education.Google Scholar
Halle, M., & Stevens, K. N. (1971). A note on laryngeal features. MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics Quarterly Progress Report, 101, 198–213.Google Scholar
Haugen, E. (1958). The phonemics of modern Icelandic. Language 34(1), 55–88. https://doi.org/10.2307/411276CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hedlund, G., & Rose, Y. (2020). Phon 3.1 [Computer Software]. Retrieved from https://phon.ca.Google Scholar
Heimisdóttir, L. Ö. (2015). The phonology of aspiration in Icelandic: A gesture-based approach (Doctoral dissertation). Cornell University.Google Scholar
Helgason, P. (1993). On coarticulation and connected speech processes in Icelandic. Reykjavík: Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland.Google Scholar
Holm, A., Sanchez, K., Crosbie, S., Morgan, A., & Dodd, B. (2022). Is children’s speech development changing? Preliminary evidence from Australian English-speaking 3-year-olds, International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 24(4), 375–384. https://doi.org/10.1080/17549507.2021.1991474CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoole, P., & Bombien, L. (2010). Velar and glottal activity in Icelandic. In Mooshammer, C., Fuchs, S., Hoole, P. & Zygis, M. (Eds.), Between the regular and particular in speech and language (pp. 171–204). Frankfurt am Main: Peter LangGoogle Scholar
Ingram, D. (1999). Phonological acquisition. In Barrett, M. (Ed.), The development of language (pp. 73–97). London: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Jakobson, R. (1968/1941). Child Language, aphasia and phonological universals. New York: Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jessen, M., & Pétursson, M. (1998). Voiceless nasal phonemes in Icelandic. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 28(1), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002510030000623XCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jessen, M., & Ringen, C. O. (2002). Laryngeal features in German. Phonology, 19(2), 189–218. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4420223CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jónsson, J. G. (1994). The feature [asp] in Icelandic phonology. Studia Linguistica, 48(1), 28–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9582.1994.tb00848.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kingston, J., & Diehl, R. (1994). Phonetic knowledge. Language, 70, 419–454. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.1994.0023CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lodge, K. (2007). Timing, segmental status and aspiration in Icelandic. Transactions of the Philological Society, 105(1), 66–104. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-968X.2007.00181.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maddieson, I. (1984). Patterns of sounds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Másdóttir, T. (2008). Phonological development and disorders in Icelandic-speaking children (Doctoral dissertation). Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne.Google Scholar
Másdóttir, T. [Þóra Másdóttir] (2014). Málhljóðapróf ÞM: Handbók [ÞM’s Speech Sound Test: Manual]. Reykjavík: Heyrnar- og talmeinastöð Íslands.Google Scholar
Másdóttir, T. (2018). Word-initial /r/-clusters in Icelandic-speaking children with protracted versus typical phonological development. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 32(5-6), 424–445. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699206.2017.1359855CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Másdóttir, T. [Þóra Másdóttir] (2019). Hljóðþróun íslenskra barna á aldrinum tveggja til átta ára. [Speech sound development of Icelandic children aged two to eight years.] Netla – Veftímarit um uppeldi og menntun. https://doi.org/10.24270/netla.2019.11CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Másdóttir, T., & Bernhardt, B. M. (2022). Uncommon timing variation in the speech of an Icelandic-speaking child with protracted phonological development. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 36(9), 806–819. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699206.2021.2011959CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Másdóttir, T., McLeod, S., & Crowe, K. (2021). Icelandic children’s acquisition of consonants and consonant clusters. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 64, 1490–1502. https://doi.org/10.1044/2021_JSLHR-20-00463CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCarthy, J. (1988). Feature geometry and dependency: A review. Phonetica, 45, 84–108. https://doi.org/10.1159/000261820CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLeod, S., & Crowe, K. (2018). Children’s consonant acquisition in 27 languages: A cross-linguistic review. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 27(4), 1546–1571. https://doi.org/10.1044/2018_AJSLP-17-0100CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Namasivayam, A. K., Coleman, D., O’Dwyer, A., & Van Lieshout, P. (2020). Speech sound disorders in children: An articulatory phonology perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02998CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nicolae, A., & Nevins, A. (2016). Fricative patterning in aspirating versus true voice languages. Journal of Linguistics, 52(1), 151–174. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022226715000067CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oller, D. K. (1980). The emergence of the sounds of speech in infancy. In Yeni-Komshian, G., Kavanagh, J., Ferguson, C. A. (Eds.), Child phonology : Volume 1 , production (pp. 93–1123). New York, NY: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, K. (1996). Aspects of variability in child language acquisition. In Bernhardt, B. H., Gilbert, J. & Ingram, D. (eds.), Proceedings of the UBC International Conference on Phonological Acquisition (pp. 1–14). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Google Scholar
Ringen, C. O. (1999). Aspiration, preaspiration, deaspiration, sonorant devoicing and spirantization in Icelandic. Nordic Journal of Linguistics 22(2), 137–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/03325860050179227CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rose, Y., & Inkelas, S. (2011). The Interpretation of phonological patterns in first language acquisition. In Ewen, C. J., Hume, E., van Oostendorp, M. & Rice, K. (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Phonology (pp. 2414–2438). Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Shriberg, L. D., & Lof, G. L. (1991). Reliability studies in broad and narrow phonetic transcription. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 5(3), 225–279. https://doi.org/10.3109/02699209108986113CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smit, A. B., Hand, L., Freilinger, J. J., Bernthal, J. E., & Bird, A. (1990). The Iowa Articulation Norms Project and its Nebraska replication. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 55(4), 779–798. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5504.779CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stokes, S., & Surendran, D. (2005). Articulatory complexity, ambient frequency, and functional load as predictors of consonant development in children. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 48(3), 577–591. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2005/040)CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thráinsson, H. (1978). On the phonology of Icelandic preaspiration. Nordic Journal of Linguistics, 1(1), 3–54. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0332586500000196CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thráinsson, H. (1981). Stuðlar, höfuðstafir, hljóðkerfi [Alliteration and the phonological system]. In Kvaran, G., Ingólfsson, G. & Sigmundsson, S. (Eds.), Afmæliskveðja til Halldórs Halldórssonar 13. júlí 1981 (pp. 110–123). Reykjavík: Íslenska málfræðifélagið.Google Scholar
Vaux, B. (1998). The laryngeal specifications of fricatives. Linguistic Inquiry, 29(3), 497–511. https://doi.org/10.1162/002438998553833CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vihman, M. M., Ferguson, C., & Elbert, M. (1986). Phonological development from babbling to speech: Common tendencies and individual differences. Applied Psycholinguistics, 7(1), 3–40. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716400007165CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vihman, M. M., Velleman, S., & McCune, L. (1994). How abstract is child phonology? Toward an integration of linguistic and psychological approaches. In Yavas, M. (Ed.), First and second language phonology (pp. 9–44). San Diego, CA: Singular Publishing Group.Google Scholar
Másdóttir et al. supplementary material 1
Másdóttir et al. supplementary material
File
15.5 KB
Másdóttir et al. supplementary material 2
Másdóttir et al. supplementary material
File
23.8 KB
Másdóttir et al. supplementary material 3
Másdóttir et al. supplementary material
File
25.4 KB
Másdóttir et al. supplementary material 4
Másdóttir et al. supplementary material
File
19.7 KB
Másdóttir et al. supplementary material 5
Másdóttir et al. supplementary material
File
19 KB