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Change and Regulation of Nutritional Metabolism in Silver Pomfret During Compensatory Growth

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Abstract

Compensatory growth (CG) in fish is heavily influenced by nutrient metabolism. However, there are limited studies examining how nutrient metabolism is regulated during this process. For silver pomfret, an important commercial marine fish, it's crucial to establish effective starvation and re-feeding strategies to ensure good water quality and fast growth. To identify the complete compensatory growth model of silver pomfret, we conducted an experiment with a control group (normal feeding) and three starvation/re-feeding groups. We observed that the recovery of weight and condition factor in the 14-day starvation and 14-day re-feeding groups was significantly faster than other groups, indicating full compensatory growth. Thus, we selected this group for the next experiment. We performed untargeted metabolomics and transcriptome analysis of muscle tissue on Day 14, 21 and 28 (CG process), and examined the key regulatory genes of nutrient metabolism on Day 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 (starvation and re-feeding process). Our data revealed that during starvation, silver pomfret first utilized carbohydrates and short-chain lipids, followed by proteins and long-chain lipids. After re-feeding, lipids accumulated first, resulting in rapid growth, followed by the recovery of protein content in muscle. During starvation, the expression of anabolic-related genes such as TER and CALR decreased, and catabolic-related genes such as TSC2 and MLYCD increased, promoting the AMPK pathway. During re-feeding, anabolic-related gene expression increased without AMPK inhibition. Our findings provide insights into the energy utilization strategies of fish and molecular regulation during compensatory growth in fish.

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Data Availability

We uploaded raw reads to NCBI (BioProject accession numbers: PRJNA818061).

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Funding

This work was funded by the Ningbo 2025 Major Project of Science Technology and Innovation (2021Z003), the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang (LY18C190008 and LY18C1900013), the Natural Science Foundation of China (42306114, 31872195, 42076118 and 31872586), the Ningbo Public Welfare Science and Technology Project (2021S061), the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation (202003N4121), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M721729), General scientific research projects of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education (Y202249062), and the Ningbo Yongjiang Talent Introduction Programme.

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Author notes

  1. Jiabao Hu and Youyi Zhang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China

    Jiabao Hu, Youyi Zhang, Kaiheng Yan, Man Zhang, Yaya Li, Yuanbo Li, Weiwei Gu, Shanliang Xu, Yajun Wang & Xiaojun Yan

  2. School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China

    Jiabao Hu

  3. Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China

    Jiabao Hu, Youyi Zhang, Kaiheng Yan, Man Zhang, Yaya Li, Yuanbo Li, Weiwei Gu, Shanliang Xu, Yajun Wang & Xiaojun Yan

  4. Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China

    Jiabao Hu, Youyi Zhang, Kaiheng Yan, Man Zhang, Yaya Li, Yuanbo Li, Weiwei Gu, Shanliang Xu, Yajun Wang & Xiaojun Yan

Authors
  1. Jiabao Hu
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Contributions

Jiabao Hu: Methodology, Writing- Original draft preparation and Reviewing, Investigation. Man Zhang: Investigation. Kaiheng Yan: Investigation. Yaya Li: Investigation. Youyi Zhang: Investigation. Yuanbo Li: Investigation. Weiwei Gu: Investigation. Shanliang Xu: Methodology, Investigation. Yajun Wang: Methodology. Xiaojun Yan: Supervision,Writing- Reviewing.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yajun Wang or Xiaojun Yan.

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Ethics Approval

The Animal Care and Use Committee of Ningbo University approved the protocols (NBU20220079) in this study.

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Figure S1

Scatter plot of PLS-DA score in muscle metabolome of silver pomfret. a: Day 14, b: Day 21 and c: Day 28. The X axis is the score of the sample on the first principal component; The Y axis is the score of the sample on the second principal component. PIM: positive ion mode, NIM: negative ion mode. (TIF 6761 KB)

Figure S2

KEGG pathway (a), HMDB classification (b) and lipid maps annotation (c). The X axis represents the number of metabolites and the Y axis represents the classification annotated. PIM: positive ion mode, NIM: negative ion mode. (TIF 8368 KB)

Figure S3

Correlation analysis of gene expression. (TIF 2826 KB)

Figure S4

Histogram of go enrichment in muscle of Pampus argenteus. The X axis is the GO term of the next level of the three go categories, and the Y axis is the number of differential genes annotated to the term (including the sub term of the term). (TIF 3182 KB)

Supplementary file5 (DOC 16 KB)

Supplementary file6 (DOCX 13 KB)

Supplementary file7 (DOCX 28 KB)

Supplementary file8 (DOCX 18 KB)

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Hu, J., Zhang, Y., Yan, K. et al. Change and Regulation of Nutritional Metabolism in Silver Pomfret During Compensatory Growth. Mar Biotechnol 25, 1085–1098 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-023-10261-0

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