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Association between hypertension grades and cancer mortality among Japanese men and women

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Abstract

Purpose

We aimed to examine the association between hypertension grades and the risk of total and site-specific cancer mortality among Japanese men and women.

Methods

In the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study, 27,332 participants aged 40–79 years were enrolled and followed up with their mortality until 2009. According to the measured blood pressure (BP) at baseline, we classified the participants into four BP categories based on 2018 European guidelines. The Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate the multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of total and site-specific cancer mortality according to the hypertension category.

Results

During the 18.5 years of median follow-up, 1,927 cancer deaths were documented. Grade 1 (systolic blood pressure [SBP] 140–159 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] 90–99 mmHg) and grade 2–3 hypertension (SBP ≥ 160 mmHg or DBP ≥ 100 mmHg) were associated with an increased risk of total cancer mortality; the multivariable HRs were 1.17 (1.04–1.32) for grade 1, and 1.27 (1.09–1.47) for grade 2–3 hypertension compared to optimal and normal BP (SBP < 130 mmHg and DBP < 85 mmHg). Linear and positive associations were observed between SBP and DBP 10 mmHg increment and the risk of total cancer mortality; HRs were 1.06 (1.03–1.08) for SBP and 1.07 (1.02–1.11) for DBP of 10 mmHg increment. The excess risk was primarily found for esophageal, liver, and pancreatic cancer; the respective multivariable HRs of grade 2–3 hypertension vs optimal and normal BP were 2.57 (1.10–6.04) for esophageal, 1.67 (1.01–2.77) for liver, and 1.95 (1.17–3.23) for pancreatic cancer.

Conclusion

Hypertension was associated with the increased risk of total cancer mortality, primarily of esophageal, liver, and pancreatic cancer.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

We thank all staff members involved in this study for their valuable help in conducting the baseline survey and follow-up.

Funding

This study has been supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT) (MonbuKagaku-sho); Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas of Cancer; and Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas of Cancer Epidemiology from MEXT (Nos. 61010076, 62010074, 63010074, 1010068, 2151065, 3151064, 4151063, 5151069, 6279102, 11181101, 17015022, 18014011, 20014026, 20390156, 26293138), and JSPS KAKENHI No.16H06277. This research was also supported by Grant-in-Aid from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Health and Labor Sciences research grants, Japan (Comprehensive Research on Cardiovascular Disease and Life-Style Related Diseases: H20-Junkankitou [Seishuu]-Ippan-013; H23–Junkankitou [Seishuu]-Ippan-005); an Intramural Research Fund (22-4-5) for Cardiovascular Diseases of National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center; Comprehensive Research on Cardiovascular Diseases and Life-Style Related Diseases (H26-Junkankitou [Seisaku]-Ippan-001) and H29–Junkankitou [Seishuu]-Ippan-003 and 20FA1002.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan

    Tsubasa Tanabe, Masayuki Teramoto, Kokoro Shirai & Hiroyasu Iso

  2. Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

    Masayuki Teramoto & Hiroyasu Iso

  3. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Masayuki Teramoto

  4. Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan

    Akiko Tamakoshi

Authors
  1. Tsubasa Tanabe
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  2. Masayuki Teramoto
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  3. Kokoro Shirai
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  4. Akiko Tamakoshi
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  5. Hiroyasu Iso
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Contributions

TT conceived the idea for the study, analyzed the data, and wrote the first draft. MT, KS, AT, and HI provided critical revision. All authors approved the final draft.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hiroyasu Iso.

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Competing interests

The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The JACC study protocol conformed with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the ethics committees of Hokkaido University (Reference number: 14-044), Nagoya University (Reference number: 177 and 227) and Osaka University (Reference number: 14285-8).

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Tanabe, T., Teramoto, M., Shirai, K. et al. Association between hypertension grades and cancer mortality among Japanese men and women. Cancer Causes Control 35, 497–508 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-023-01797-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-023-01797-6

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