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Morphology, Histology, and Transcriptome Analysis of Gonadal Development in Octopus minor (Sasaki, 1920)

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Abstract

Octopus minor is an economically important species, but little is known about the histological pattern and regulatory mechanisms during gonadal development. In this study, we investigated the annual changes in total body weight (TW), gonad somatic index (GSI), gonadal histological features, and transcriptome of O. minor. The results indicated that both females and males showed a similar TW trend. The GSI peaked in June in females, while it remained constant at around 3% in males. Nine and four histological stages were observed in ovaries and testes, respectively. Our field sampling results implied that O. minor might have overwintering periods for both eggs and larvae. Transcriptome analysis revealed that a total of 1095 and 2468 genes were significantly expressed during ovarian and testicular development, separately. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis displayed that 126 GO terms and 5 KEGG pathways were significantly enriched in the ovarian group of advanced vitellogenic oocytes vs vitellogenic oocytes (AVO vs VO). The pathways “Ribosomal”, “Cell cycle”, and “Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation” were predicted to promote yolk deposition. Additionally, the testicular comparison group of spent vs mature (Spent vs Mature) showed significant enrichment in 674 GO terms and 13 KEGG pathways, suggesting that energy metabolism and cell repair pathways may be involved in the spermatogenesis process. This work revealed the development process of the gonads and shed light on the potential regulatory pathways of O. minor, providing novel insights and laying a molecular basis for artificial breeding.

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Data Availability

The datasets of this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Mr. Li Fenghui and Mr. Cai Hui from Mashan Group Co. Ltd (Shandong Province, China) for collecting samples.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32170536).

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  1. Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China

    Jiahua Li & Xiaodong Zheng

  2. Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China

    Jiahua Li & Xiaodong Zheng

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Jiahua Li: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, visualization, writing-original draft. Xiaodong Zheng: conceptualization, writing — review and editing, supervision, funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Xiaodong Zheng.

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O. minor is neither an endangered nor protected species. All experiments were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Ocean University of China.

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Li, J., Zheng, X. Morphology, Histology, and Transcriptome Analysis of Gonadal Development in Octopus minor (Sasaki, 1920). Mar Biotechnol 25, 1043–1056 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-023-10258-9

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