Abstract
Complex mixtures of sulfates, silicates, and ice have been observed in a variety of planetary environments on Earth, Mars and the icy satellites of the solar system. Characterizing the properties of the corresponding compositional endmembers is important for understanding the interiors of a range of planetary bodies in which these phases are observed. To measure the electronic and vibrational properties of the pure ferrous iron endmember of the kieserite group, szomolnokite, (FeSO4⋅H2O), we have performed synchrotron 57Fe nuclear resonant inelastic and forward scattering experiments in the diamond-anvil cell up to 14.5 GPa. This pressure range covers depths within Earth’s interior relevant to sulfur cycling in subduction zones and the range of pressures expected within icy satellite interiors. We find evidence of crystal lattice softening, changes in elastic properties, and changes in the electric field gradients of iron atoms associated with two structural transitions occurring within the experimental pressure range. We apply these findings to icy satellite interiors, including discussion of elastic properties, modeling of ice-sulfate aggregates, and implications for tidal observations.
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Funding
O.S.P. acknowledges the support of DOE NNSA SSGF (DE-NA0003960). We thank the W.M. Keck Foundation and the National Science Foundation (NSF-CSEDI-EAR-1600956, 2009935) for supporting this work. This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Beamline 3-ID-B at the Advanced Photon Source is partially supported by COMPRES, the Consortium for Materials Properties Research in Earth Sciences under NSF cooperative agreement EAR–1606856. SMS data collected during hybrid mode of the APS used a dual, fast-shutter spectrometer that was built (T.S.T.) and supported by Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) funding from Argonne National Laboratory, provided by the Director, Office of Science, of the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We acknowledge the JPL Strategic Research & Technology Development Program, "Venus Science Into The Next Decade".
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OSP and JMJ contributed to the study conception and material preparation. Methodology and investigation, including data collection, were performed by OSP, VVD, WS, TST, and JMJ. Analysis was performed by OSP with contributions from VVD, WS, BS, and JMJ using software written by WS. The first draft of the manuscript and all figures were created by OSP with JMJ supervision and validation. All the authors reviewed the manuscript.
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Pardo, O.S., Dobrosavljevic, V.V., Sturhahn, W. et al. Lattice dynamics, sound velocities, and atomic environments of szomolnokite at high pressure. Phys Chem Minerals 50, 32 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-023-01255-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-023-01255-4