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The Optimization of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission in the Product Hazardous Substances Report Making

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Abstract

In recent years, products that are free of hazardous substances and 2050 Net zero are the focus of environmental sustainability issues, and the standards formulated by various countries (e.g., RoHS, ISO14064-1) are mandatory requirements that brands cannot ignore. When products are to be imported, they must present relevant reports (i.e., product hazardous substance reports, greenhouse gas reports) and pass customs inspection before they can be sold in the country. The key to complying with the standards is to use raw materials without hazardous substances and reduce electricity use during the production process. However, previous works only focused on production development technology, but ignored the issue of energy consumption. Therefore, this study proposes the product hazardous substance report making energy consumption problem (PHSRMECP), which has the goal of low carbon emissions and a new matching method to solve it. As the complexity and solution difficulty of PHSRMECP are NP-Hard, this study proposes a heuristic algorithm to solve it. First, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is commonly used in multi-objective decision-making, is used to match reports and engineers based on weights, and then, the divide and conquer genetic algorithm (DnCGA) is applied to identify the best match. This new heuristic algorithm is based on the genetic algorithm, which is mixed with the divide-and-conquer simplified algorithm, in order to consider the speed and quality of the solution. The research goal is achieved by minimizing the energy consumption required to collect and compile reports. The verification method is applied to simulate the real data, and the results show that the proposed method is more effective than the original manual matching method: reduced 73,741.9 \(KgCO_{2} e\) emissions, and verified small, medium, and large-scale data statistics to effectively reduce CO2 emissions by 15.3% to 29.2%.

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Availability of Data and Material

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to [Real data confidentiality requirements] but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

i :

PHSR requests numbered

j :

PHSR formats numbered

k :

Engineers numbered

N :

PHSR total pieces

M :

PHSR formats total pieces

O :

Total engineers

WR :

Standard working hours

GP :

Green data server average energy consumption

RP :

X-Ray fluorescence average energy consumption

PP :

Personal computer average energy consumption

CV :

Impact constant value

G E :

Operating efficiency of the green data server

RE :

Operating efficiency of the X-Ray fluorescence

PE :

Operating efficiency of personal computer

PQ :

Work quality impact criterion

TQ :

Total quality of PHSR making

FL :

Limit quantity of format

FQ :

Making quantity of formats

G :

Total green data server energy consumption

R :

Total X-Ray fluorescence energy consumption

P :

Total personal computer energy consumption

Q :

Difference between the weighted of the work quality criteria

X :

Decision variable of matching

E :

Evaluation criteria

W :

Relative weight of evaluation criteria

Y :

Possible matching solutions

PY :

Decision variable of restriction violate

S :

Restriction penalty value

l :

Violate of the restriction

L :

Total violate of the restriction

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the anonymous referees for comments that improved the content as well as the presentation of this paper. Thanks also to SkyTraq technology, Inc. Mr. Chuang-Yang, Lin for help with the simulation program development.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Daxue Rd., East Dist., Hsin-chu City, 300093, Taiwan

    Chao-Chung Hsu & Chun-Cheng Lin

  2. Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, 411, Taiwan

    Chun-Cheng Lin

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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by C-CH and C-CL. The first draft of the manuscript was written by C-CH and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Chao-Chung Hsu.

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Hsu, CC., Lin, CC. The Optimization of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission in the Product Hazardous Substances Report Making. Int. J. of Precis. Eng. and Manuf.-Green Tech. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-023-00572-x

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