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CENH3 mediated haploid induction: application and future perspectives in crop plants

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Abstract

True homozygous pure lines are required for the development of new crop varieties. In conventional as well as molecular breeding strategies, it typically takes 7–9 generations to accomplish the appropriate level of homozygosity. On the contrary, haploids can have their chromosomes doubled in a single generation to create a true-breeding lineage. Over the period, researchers have developed several methods for haploids and doubled haploid induction, but these methods are only applicable to specific crop types. The discovery of the centromere-specific histone 3 variant (CENH3) and its manipulation is proving to be the most potent technique for haploid development. Recent advancements in this technology have shown that non-transgenic changes to CENH3 can also induce haploids. Point mutations in CENH3 that can be induced by chemical agents may lead to haploid induction when crossed with wild-type CENH3 plants. These plants with the CENH3 mutation are fully fertile when selfed, develop properly, and can be found in already-existing collections of mutagenized plants. The current review encompasses the recent studies undertaken to utilize the CENH3 manipulations strategy to develop various haploid plant crops with increased success rates. This review paper will provide a better insight into understanding the detailed mechanism of the CENH3-induced haploid induction process and help investigate the areas that need to be further explored.

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Fig. 1
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(source: Sanei et al. 2011). (A) Cross between H. vulgare and H. bilbosum (B) All parental CENH3 are transcriptionally active; CENH3 (red) loaded on the centromeres of H. vulgare, but CENH3 (blue) not loaded on H. bulbosum (C) Centromere inactivity of anaphase chromosomes of H. bulbosum lag and thus degrades and haploid H. vulgare develops

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Acknowledgements

AR and SSH acknowledges the support by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (Grant Nos. 2020R1A6A1A03044512, 2020R1A2C1012586) and the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry (IPET) through High Value-added Food Technology Development Program, funded by Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) (321027-5).

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea

    Anjali Rai & Sung Soo Han

  2. Division of Vegetable Sciences, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Kavita Dubey

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  1. Anjali Rai
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Anjali Rai and Kavita Dubey have a contribution to planning and drafting this manuscript. Sung Soo Han have contributed in final editing and supervision throughout the manuscript preparation. All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Rai, A., Dubey, K. & Han, S.S. CENH3 mediated haploid induction: application and future perspectives in crop plants. Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol. 64, 1055–1069 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-023-00567-2

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