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Acute Salinity Stress Disrupts Gut Microbiota Homeostasis and Reduces Network Connectivity and Cooperation in Razor Clam Sinonovacula constricta

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Abstract

Accumulating evidence demonstrates that it is of great importance to maintain a stable and functional gut microbial community for host’s growth and health. However, gut microenvironment is constantly affected by diverse environmental factors. Salinity can cause stress, including hypersaline or hyposaline stress to aquatic species, thereby affecting their growth conditions. Razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta), an economically important bivalve species, inhabits in intertidal and estuarine zones and constantly experiences salinity stress. Yet little is known about how and to what extent clam gut microbiota is affected by salinity stress, while this knowledge is fundamental for clam aquaculture health management. To address this concern, this study compared the temporal differences of gut bacterial signatures and community assembly of S. constricta under normal salinity (NS), low salinity (LS), and high salinity (HS) conditions. Acute salinity stress affected the compositions, structures, and functional potentials of clam gut microbial community, of which salinity stress, hours post stress, and their interaction respectively constrained 7.6%, 16.4%, and 7.9% of community variation. Phylogenetic bin-based null model result revealed that the gut bacterial assembly of three salinity groups seemed to be largely driven by stochastic processes. Network analysis indicated that gut bacterial interspecies interaction exhibited less connected and lower cooperative activity under the conditions of LS and HS compared with NS. Notably, some pathogenic bacteria, including Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas, were identified as keystone taxa of gut microbial networks in LS and HS groups. Above findings suggest that the clams under LS and HS conditions might be at a higher risk of developing disease. Our findings enhance the mechanism understanding of gut microbial assembly in S. constricta under abiotic factor challenge, which has important implications for clam health control from a microbial ecological perspective.

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Availability of Data and Material

The raw data analyzed in this study have been deposited in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database under BioProject accession number PRJNA1025332.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by the Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation (LQ22C190005), the “3315” Innovative Team Project of Ningbo City, National Natural Science Foundation of China (32202989), the Key Scientific and Technological Grant of Zhejiang for Breeding New Agricultural Varieties (2021C02069-7), the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA, and the Research Plan Project of Zhejiang Wanli University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ninghai Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China

    Wenfang Dai, Yinghui Dong, Qinggang Xue & Zhihua Lin

  2. Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China

    Wenfang Dai, Zijuan Zhang, Yinghui Dong, Lin He, Qinggang Xue & Zhihua Lin

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  1. Wenfang Dai
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  2. Zijuan Zhang
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  3. Yinghui Dong
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  4. Lin He
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  5. Qinggang Xue
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  6. Zhihua Lin
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Contributions

Q. X. and Z. L. conceived and designed the study. W. D. performed the experiments. Z. Z., Y. D., and L. H. collected the samples. W. D. analyzed the data and wrote and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Qinggang Xue or Zhihua Lin.

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Dai, W., Zhang, Z., Dong, Y. et al. Acute Salinity Stress Disrupts Gut Microbiota Homeostasis and Reduces Network Connectivity and Cooperation in Razor Clam Sinonovacula constricta. Mar Biotechnol 25, 1147–1157 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-023-10267-8

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