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Targeting inflammatory signaling in obsessive compulsive disorder: a promising approach

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Abstract

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder. Approximately, around 2% to 3% percent of the general population experience symptoms of OCD over the course of their lifetime. OCD can lead to economic burden, poor quality of life, and disability. The characteristic features exhibited generally in OCD are continuous intrusive thoughts and periodic ritualized behaviours. Variations in genes, pathological function of Cortico-Striato-Thalamo-Cortical (CSTC) circuits and dysregulation in the synaptic conduction have been the major factors involved in the pathological progression of OCD. However, the basic mechanisms still largely unknown. Current therapies for OCD largely target monoaminergic neurotransmitters (NTs) in specific dopaminergic and serotonergic circuits. However, such therapies have limited efficacy and tolerability. Drug resistance has been one of the important reasons reported to critically influence the effectiveness of the available drugs. Inflammation has been a crucial factor which is believed to have a significant importance in OCD progression. A significant number of proinflammatory cytokines have been reportedly amplified in patients with OCD. Mechanisms of drug treatment involve attenuation of the symptoms via modulation of inflammatory signalling pathways, modification in brain structure, and synaptic plasticity. Hence, targeting inflammatory signaling may be considered as a suitable approach in the treatment of OCD. The present review focuses mainly on the significant findings from the animal and human studies conducted in this area, that targets inflammatory signaling in neurological conditions. In addition, it also focusses on the therapeutic approaches that target OCD via modification of the inflammatory signaling pathways.

Graphical Abstract

Treatment Approaches for the management of OCD via targeting inflammatory signaling

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India

    Shvetank Bhatt

  2. Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management (SPTM), SVKM’s Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Shirpur, 425405, Maharashtra, India

    Kuttiappan Anitha

  3. Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Dinesh Kumar Chellappan

  4. Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management (SPTM), SVKM’s Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India

    Dhrubojyoti Mukherjee

  5. Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India

    Satish Shilpi

  6. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India

    Ashish Suttee

  7. Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Kanchipuram - Chennai Rd, Chennai, India

    Gaurav Gupta

  8. School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248007, India

    Gaurav Gupta

  9. School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, 302017, India

    Gaurav Gupta

  10. Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India

    Thakur Gurjeet Singh

  11. Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia

    Kamal Dua

  12. Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia

    Kamal Dua

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Contributions

Shvetank Bhatt: Idea and preparation of manuscript.

Kuttiappan Anitha: Preparation of manuscript.

Dinesh Kumar Chellappan: Editing of Manuscript.

Dhrubojyoti Mukherjee: Preparation of manuscript.

Satish Shilpi: Preparation of Figures and Graphical Abstract.

Ashish Suttee: Review of Literature.

Gaurav Gupta: Literature Review.

Thakur Gurjeet Singh: Formatting and Review of Literature.

Kamal Dua: Editing of Manuscript.

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Correspondence to Shvetank Bhatt.

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Bhatt, S., Anitha, K., Chellappan, D.K. et al. Targeting inflammatory signaling in obsessive compulsive disorder: a promising approach. Metab Brain Dis 39, 335–346 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-023-01314-3

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