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Phenotypic diversity in Tamarindus indica L. sourced from different provenances in India

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Abstract

Tamarindus indica L. is a multipurpose monotypic agroforestry species, possessing numerous domestic and industrial applications. It grows naturally in subtropical and semi-arid tropical regions of the world. Sixteen quantitative traits of T. indica were used in this study to unravel the phenotypic diversity on a large scale (422 accessions sourced from 12 districts of 8 Indian states) using multivariate analysis. Significant difference between the provenances were recorded for all the traits (P < 0.001). In terms of total pod weight, shell weight, fiber weight, pulp weight, real pulp value, and seed weight, Karnataka outperformed the other states. There were strong positive associations between real value of pulp (RVP) and all pod size traits ranging from 0.37 to 0.93. Titratable acidity was found to have a significant positive relationship with pod size and pulp recovery (r = 0.513–0.742); sugar/acid ratio with seed percent (r = 0.718) and shell percent (r = 0.537). According to the principal component analysis (PCA), the first five principal components accumulated 98.61% of the variation. Morphological cluster analysis revealed four distinct clusters with high diversity. A unique accession from Karnataka was selected by participatory breeding, enabling the farmer to establish a successful nursery and conserve the valuable genotype. Our study provides valuable information about phenotypic diversity, in situ evaluation, selection indices for plus trees and conservation of tamarind genetic resources in India.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to Indian Council of Agricultural Research and Director, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research for providing funding for this study. We are particularly grateful to Forest Department of Chhattisgarh and Karnataka, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (Hyderabad and Ranchi Centers), Krishi Vigyana Kendra of Aizawl, Mizoram; Koraput, Odisha; Ratlam, Madhya Pradesh and BAIF Development Research Foundation, Pune for their kind assistance in conducting effective surveys. We sincerely appreciate the reviewers for providing relevant and valuable comments

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessarghatta, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 089, India

    C. Kanupriya, G. Karunakaran, Pritee Singh & R. Venugopalan

  2. ICAR-IIHR-Central Horticultural Experiment Station, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751 019, India

    Deepa Samant

  3. ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (IASRI), New Delhi, 110012, India

    K. Prakash

Authors
  1. C. Kanupriya
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  2. G. Karunakaran
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  3. Pritee Singh
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  4. R. Venugopalan
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  5. Deepa Samant
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  6. K. Prakash
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Contributions

CK: Conceptualization, Investigation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Data Curation, Validation, Writing - original draft, Reviewing, and Editing. PS: Methodology, Validation, Reviewing GK and DS: Germplasm collection and maintenance PK and RV: Data Curation, Supervision, Statistical analysis

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Correspondence to C. Kanupriya.

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Kanupriya, C., Karunakaran, G., Singh, P. et al. Phenotypic diversity in Tamarindus indica L. sourced from different provenances in India. Agroforest Syst 98, 477–490 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-023-00925-0

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