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An Intriguing Structural Modification in Neutrophil Migration Across Blood Vessels to Inflammatory Sites: Progress in the Core Mechanisms

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Abstract

The role and function of neutrophils are well known, but we still have incomplete understanding of the mechanisms by which neutrophils migrate from blood vessels to inflammatory sites. Neutrophil migration is a complex process that involves several distinct steps. To resist the blood flow and maintain their rolling, neutrophils employ tether and sling formation. They also polarize and form pseudopods and uropods, guided by hierarchical chemotactic agents that enable precise directional movement. Meanwhile, chemotactic agents secreted by neutrophils, such as CXCL1, CXCL8, LTB4, and C5a, can recruit more neutrophils and amplify their response. In the context of diapedesis neutrophils traverse the endothelial cells via two pathways: the transmigratory cup and the lateral border recycling department. These structures aid in overcoming the narrow pore size of the endothelial barrier, resulting in more efficient transmembrane migration. Interestingly, neutrophils exhibit a preference for the paracellular pathway over the transcellular pathway, likely due to the former’s lower resistance. In this review, we will delve into the intricate process of neutrophil migration by focusing on critical structures that underpins this process.

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  1. These authors contributed equally: Zexu Wang, Yufang Guo

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  1. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China

    Zexu Wang, Yufang Guo, Yulei Zhang, Liangquan Wu, Li Wang, Qiuqi Lin & Bing Wan

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Z.W. and Y.G. wrote the original manuscript. B.W., Y.Z. and L.W. reviews and revised the original manuscript. Q.L. and L.W. prepared all the figures in this manuscript. All authors reviews the manuscript.

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Wang, Z., Guo, Y., Zhang, Y. et al. An Intriguing Structural Modification in Neutrophil Migration Across Blood Vessels to Inflammatory Sites: Progress in the Core Mechanisms. Cell Biochem Biophys 82, 67–75 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-023-01198-1

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