Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Rotational Direction of a Weak Magnetic Field Selectively Targets Chiral Clusters in Liquid Water and Modifies Its Chemical Reactivity

  • PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES
  • Published:
Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Liquid water is thought by many to be composed of a quasi-stable mixture of clusters that range in size from dimers to several hundred molecules and even to micrometer-size units [1–3]. The implications of such a three-dimensional structure, or whether it even exists, are often subject to debate. While many treatments (temperature change, shaking, electro-magnetic radiation, etc.) alter the physical-chemical properties of water, just how these interventions may affect the assemblage of clusters is often a matter of conjecture. The object of this study is to relate the effect of a weak, spinning, magnetic field to the assemblage of water clusters, and the subsequent changes in the chemical reactivity of bulk water. The results show that such a weak, rotating, magnetic field applied to water can either increase or decrease the spontaneous net rate of hydration of CO2, depending on the direction of spin of the magnet and the history of a given water sample. The targets for a magnetic field applied in this way are chiral water clusters and their destruction, or the inter/intra-conversion of enantiomers, can change the reactivity of water. The conclusion is that samples of distilled water, under otherwise identical conditions, can have a range of chemical reactivities depending on their individual assemblage of clusters.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Chaplin, M.F., What is liquid water, Sci. Soc., 2013, vol. 58, pp. 41–45.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Goncharuk, V., Water Clusters, in Drinking Water, Cham: Springer, 2014, pp. 51–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04334-0_3

  3. Goncharuk, V.V., Syroeshkin, A.V., Pleteneva, T.V., Uspenskay, E.V., Levitskaya, O.V., and Tverdislov V.A., On the possibility of chiral structure-density submillimeter inhomogeneities existing in water, J. Water Chem. Tech., 2017, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 319–324. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1063455X17060029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Roy, R., Tiller, W.A., Bell, I., Hoover, M.R., The structure of liquid water; Novel insights from materials research; Potential relevance to homeopathy, Mater. Res. Innovations, 2005, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 98–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/14328917.2005.11784911

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Xantheas, S., Cooperativity and hydrogen bonding network in water clusters, Chem. Phys., 2000, vol. 258, pp. 225–231.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Malloum, A., Fifen J.J., Dhaouadi, Z., Engoa, S.G.N., and Conradie, J., Structures, relative stability and binding energies of neutral water clusters, (H2O)2–30, New J. Chem., 2019, vol. 43, pp. 13020–13037. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nj01659g

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Khakhalin, A.V., and Gradoboeva, O.N., Investigation of the chiral properties of configurations of (H2O)n, K+(H2O)m, and Na+(H2O)m (n = 4–8, m = 5–10) small water clusters at 1 K, Moscow Univ. Phys. Bull., 2016, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 413–419. https://doi.org/10.3103/S002713491604010X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Chaplin, M.F., The memory of water: An overview, Homeopathy, 2007, vol. 96, pp. 143–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.homp.2007.05.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Clark, G.N.I., Cappa, C.D., Smith, J.D., Saykally R.J. and Head-Gordon T., The structure of ambient water, Mol. Phys., 2010, vol. 108, no. 11, pp. 1415–1433. https://doi.org/10.1080/00268971003762134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Pang, X-F., Deng, B., Tang, B., Influence of magnetic field on macroscopic properties of water, Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 2012, vol. 26, no. 11, p. 1250069. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217984912500698

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Sidorenko, G., Brilly, M., Laptev, B., Gorlenko, N., Antoshkin, L., Vidmar, A., Kryžanowski, A., The role of modification of the structure of water and water-containing systems in changing their biological, therapeutic, and other properties overview, Water, 2021, vol. 13, pp. 2441–2455. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13172441

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Emamdadi, N., Gholizadeh, M., and Housaindokht, M.R., The effect of magnetized water on the oxidation reaction of phenol derivatives and aromatic amines by horseradish peroxidase enzyme, Biotechnol. Prog., 2020, vol. 36. no. 6, p. e3035. https://doi.org/10.1002/btpr.3035

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Goncharuk, V.V., Orekhova, E.A., and Malyarenko, V.V., Influence of temperature on water clusters, J. Water Chem. Technol., 2008, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 80–84. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1063455X08020033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Rao, M.L., Sedlmayr, S.R., Roy, R., and Kanzius, J., Polarized microwave and RF radiation effects on the structure and stability of liquid water, Curr. Sci., 2010, vol. 98, no. 11, pp. 1500–1504.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Shevchenko, I.V., Influence of light on chemical reactivity of water, 2017, arXiv:1706.02148.

  16. Rad, I., Stahlberg, R., Kung, K., and Pollack, G.H., Low frequency weak electric fields can induce structural changes in water, PLoS One, 2021, vol. 16, no. 12, p. e0260967. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260967

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. James, T., Wales, D.J., and Rojas, J.H., Energy landscapes for water clusters in a uniform electric field, J. Chem. Phys., 2007, vol. 126, no. 5, p. 054506. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2429659

  18. Hwang, S.G., Hong, J.K., Sharma, A., Pollack, G.H., and Bahng, G.W., Exclusion zone and heterogeneous water structure at ambient temperature, PLoS One, 2018, vol. 13, no. 4, p. e0195057. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195057

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Stemler, A., An assay for carbonic anhydrase activity and reactions that produce radiolabeled gases or small uncharged molecules, Anal. Biochem., 1993, vol. 210, pp. 328–331. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1993.1203

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Gibbons, B.H. and Edsall, J.T., Rate of hydration of carbon dioxide and dehydration of carbonic acid at 25°, J. Biol. Chem. 1963, vol. 238, no. 10, pp. 3502–3507. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)48696-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Wang B., and Cao Z., How water molecules modulate the hydration of CO2 in water solution: Insight from the cluster-continuum model calculations, J. Comput. Chem., 2013, vol. 34, pp. 372–378. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.23144

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Garg, L.C., and Maren, T.H., The rates of hydration of carbon dioxide and dehydration of carbonic acid at 37°C, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1972, vol. 261, pp. 70–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(72)90315-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Wasak, A., Drozd, R., Jankowiak, D. and Rakoczy, R., Rotating magnetic field as tool for enhancing enzymes properties—Laccase case study, Sci. Rep., 2019, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 3707. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39198-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Sarraf, M., Kataria, S., Taimourya, H., Santos, L.O., Menegatti, R.D., Jain, M., Ihtisham, M., and Liu S., Magnetic field (MF) applications in plants: An overview, Plants, 2020, vol. 9, pp. 1139–1156. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Galland, P., and Pazur, A., Magnetoreception in plants, J. Plant Res., 2005, vol. 118, pp. 371–389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-005-0246-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Zhang, X., Yarema, K. and Xu, A., Impact of static magnetic field (SMF) on microorganisms, plants, and animals, in Biological Effects of Static Magnetic Fields, Singapore: Springer, 2017, pp. 133–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3579-1_5

  27. Brown F.A. Jr., and Chow C.S., Non-equivalence for bean seeds of clockwise and counterclockwise magnetic motion: A novel terrestrial adaptation. Biol. Bull., 1975, vol. 148, pp. 370–379. https://doi.org/10.2307/1540514

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author would like to thank William Lucas and Savithramma Dinesh-Kumar, Chairs of the Plant Biology Department, for their support and encouragement, and Paul Jursinic for detailed reading of the manuscript and useful commentary.

Funding

Research support was provided by the University of California-Davis, Department of Plant Biology. No extramural funding was received.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, 95616, Davis, California, USA

    A. J. Stemler

Authors
  1. A. J. Stemler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. J. Stemler.

Ethics declarations

The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest.

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Stemler, A.J. Rotational Direction of a Weak Magnetic Field Selectively Targets Chiral Clusters in Liquid Water and Modifies Its Chemical Reactivity. J. Water Chem. Technol. 45, 544–551 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1063455X23060115

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1063455X23060115

Keywords:

Search

Navigation