Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Spatial Distribution Pattern and Influencing Factors of Physical Bookstores of Large Cities: A Case Study of Three National Central Cities in Western China

  • Published:
Chinese Geographical Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

As cultural facilities, physical bookstore is an important part of urban infrastructure. Influenced by the development of social economy and the internet, physical bookstores also have become a combination of cultural space and tourism experience. In this case, it is necessary to explore the spatial characteristics and influencing factors of physical bookstores. This study uses Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN), spatial analysis and geographical detectors to calculate the spatial distribution pattern and factors influencing physical bookstores in national central cities/municipality (hereafter using cities) in western China. Based on spatial data, population density, road density and other data, this study constructed a data set of the influencing factors of physical bookstores, consisting of 11 factors along 6 dimensions for 3 national central cities in western China. The results are as follows: first, the spatial distribution pattern of physical bookstores in Xi’an, Chengdu, and Chongqing is unbalanced. The spatial distribution of physical bookstores in Xi’an and Chongqing is from southwest to northeast and are relatively clustered, while those in Chengdu are relatively discrete. Second, the spatial distribution pattern of physical bookstores has been formed under the influence of different factors. The intensity and significance of influencing factors differ in the case cities. However, in general, the social factor, business factor, the density of research facilities, tourism factor and road density are the main driving factors in the three cities. There is a synergistic relationship between public libraries and physical bookstores. Third, the explanatory power becomes stronger after the interaction between various factors. In Xi’an and Chengdu, the density of communities and the density of research facilities have stronger explanatory power for the dependent variable after interacting with other factors. However, in Chongqing, the traffic factors have stronger explanatory power for the dependent variable after interacting with other factors. The results could provide a practical reference for the sustainable development of physical bookstores and encourage a love of reading among the public.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Artusi F, Bellini E, Dell’Era C et al., 2020. Designing an omni-experience to save retailing: lessons from an Italian book retailer. Research-Technology Management, 63(3): 24–32. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.2020.1733886

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen C W, Cheng C Y, 2013. How online and offline behavior processes affect each other: customer behavior in a cyber-enhanced bookstore. Quality & Quantity, 47(5): 2539–2555. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-012-9670-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen Y T, Wang H J, Wang L et al., 2021. Consumer identity and loyalty in electronic product offline brand operation: the moderator effect of fanship. Information, 12(7): 282. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/info12070282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doucé L, Poels K, Janssens W et al., 2013. Smelling the books: the effect of chocolate scent on purchase-related behavior in a bookstore. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 36: 65–69. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.07.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ester M, Kriegel H P, Sander J et al., 1996. A density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. Portland, Oregon: 226–231.

  • Gan Yilin, Zhu Yuanyuan, Chen Siyun et al., 2020. Deconstruction of urban cultural consumption space in Wuhan in the post-epidemic era: a case study of physical bookstores. Areal Research and Development, 39(6): 65–70. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hou Qianya, 2021. Study on the Business Development Strategy of Physical Bookstores in the Perspective of Urban Cultural Space. Fuzhou: Fujian Normal University. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang G, 2020. Investigation on whether the ‘new type’ book-store model can realize the renaissance of physical bookstores. ScienceOpen Preprints. doi: https://doi.org/10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPICZXO.v1

  • Hung Y H, Tang H H, 2021. Service innovation of physical book-stores: applying service design perspectives to develop service innovation to enhance customer loyalty. In: 23rd HCI International Conference on HCI International. Switzerland: Springer, 423–430. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78645-8_54

  • Jiao Shi, Li Xiaodong, 2016. Spatial distribution and influence factors of book retailing in Nanjing City. Areal Research and Development, 35(2): 71–76, 83. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Karp D A, 1973. Hiding in pornographic bookstores a reconsideration of the nature of urban anonymity. Urban Life and Culture, 1(4): 427–451. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/089124167300100405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kunc M, O’brien F A, 2017. Exploring the development of a methodology for scenario use: combining scenario and resource mapping approaches. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 124: 150–159. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.03.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li Shaoqi, Sun Haiyan, Liu Suhe et al., 2020. Spatio-temporal evolution and influence factors of new type physical bookstores in China since 2000: based on the analysis of SISYPHE, YJY, and Momicafe. Economic Geography, 40: 67–73. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Liao Zhengmao, 2022. Geo-spatial distribution characteristics and suggestions of entity bookstores in China from the perspective of cultural consumption. Publishing Science, 30(2): 67–74. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu Ruikuan, Li Jiuquan, 2021. Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of physical bookstores in Xi’an: an analysis based on DBSCAN algorithm. Economic Geography, 41(6): 87–96. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu Z, 2018. Whither the book retailing industry in China: a historical reflection. Publishing Research Quarterly, 34(1): 133–146. doi: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.18299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luo Jianzhou, 2023. ‘Bookstore+’: an analysis of the integration and upgrading path of physical bookstores. Editorial Friend, 43(7): 29–34. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald B H, Black F A, 2000. Using GIS for spatial and temporal analyses in print culture studies: some opportunities and challenges. Social Science History, 24(3): 505–536. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0145553200010282

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller L J, 1999. Shopping for community: the transformation of the bookstore into a vital community institution. Media, Culture & Society, 21(3): 385–407. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/016344399021003005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen T V T, Han H Y Sahito N et al., 2019. The bookstore-café: Emergence of a new lifestyle as a ‘Third Place’ in Hang-zhou, China. Space and Culture, 22(2): 216–233. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1206331218795832

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez A, Laio A, 2014. Clustering by fast search and find of density peaks. Science, 344(6191): 1492–1496. doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1242072

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shang Mengfan, 2021. Openness, Tolerance and Sharing: The practice of Independent Bookstores in Constructing Urban Cultural Space. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Song T, Cheng Y, Liu W D et al., 2017. Spatial difference and mechanisms of influence of geo-economy in the border areas of China. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 27(12): 1463–1480. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-017-1447-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun J X, Wang X J, 2016. Interpretation of urban new-type public spaces: an anthropological case study of Fangsuo in Guangzhou. The Anthropologist, 24(2): 581–590. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2016.11892052

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turley L W, Milliman R E, 2000. Atmospheric effects on shopping behavior: a review of the experimental evidence. Journal of Business Research, 49(2): 193–211. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(99)00010-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang J F, Li X H, Christakos G et al., 2010. Geographical detectors-based health risk assessment and its application in the neural tube defects study of the Heshun Region, China. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 24(1): 107–127. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810802443457

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Wang X T, Chang X Y, 2020. Sentiment analysis of consumer-generated online reviews of physical bookstores using Hybrid LSTM-CNN and LDA topic model. In: 2020 International Conference on Culture-oriented Science & Technology. Beijing, China: IEEE, 457–462.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang Lu, 2012. Research on Entity Bookstores in China: From the Perspective of Media Ecology. Ji’nan: Shandong University. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeh I C, Lien C H, Ting T M et al., 2009. Applications of web mining for marketing of online bookstores. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(8): 11249–11256. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2009.02.068

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhan Dongsheng, Zhang Wenzhong, Dang Yunxiao et al., 2018. Spatial clustering analysis of public service facilities in Beijing. Economic Geography, 38(12): 76–82. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Guojun, Chen Yu, Wang Gengnan et al., 2023. Spatial-temporal evolution and influencing factors of digital financial inclusion: county-level evidence from China. Chinese Geographical Science, 33(2): 221–232. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-023-1333-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Hongbo, Yu Difei, Miao Changhong et al., 2018. The location distribution characteristics and influencing factors of cultural facilities in Zhengzhou based on POI data. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 38(9): 1525–1534. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Lu, Zhao Zuoquan, 2014. Projecting the spatial variation of economic based on the specific ellipses in China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 34(8): 979–986. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao M Y, Liu J G, 2021. Study on spatial structure characteristics of the tourism and leisure industry. Sustainability, 13(23): 13117. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou T, Liu X T, Qian Z et al., 2019. Dynamic update and monitoring of AOI entrance via spatiotemporal clustering of drop-off points. Sustainability, 11(23): 6870. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11236870

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu Yuanyuan, Gan Yilin, Zhou Xiaoqi et al., 2020. Deconstruction and reconstruction of urban cultural consumption spaced under the background of online retail: taking Wuhan physical bookstore as an example. Urban Problems, 39(9): 71–77. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zuo Di, Kong Xiang, Wen Yingzhi, 2019. The influential factors of reception and identity of consumers to the cultural consumption space: a case study of Librairie Avant-Grade. Urban Problems, 38(1): 31–39. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710127, China

    Ruikuan Liu

  2. School of Tourism & Research Institute of Human Geography, Xi’an International Studies University, Xi’an, 710128, China

    Jiuquan Li, Fang Chang & Jiayao Ma

Authors
  1. Ruikuan Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jiuquan Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Fang Chang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jiayao Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Data collection and analysis were performed by LIU Ruikuan, CHANG Fang and MA Jiayao. Materials were prepared by LIU Ruikuan and LI Jiuquan, and funded by LI Jiuquan. The first draft of the manuscript was written by LIU Ruikuan, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jiuquan Li.

Ethics declarations

The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

Additional information

Foundation item: Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41271179)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liu, R., Li, J., Chang, F. et al. Spatial Distribution Pattern and Influencing Factors of Physical Bookstores of Large Cities: A Case Study of Three National Central Cities in Western China. Chin. Geogr. Sci. 33, 1082–1094 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-023-1393-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-023-1393-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation