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A highly selective sensor based on p-tetranitrocalix[4]arene-capped copper nanoparticles for colorimetric and bare-eye detection of cyclophosphamide

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Abstract

In the current study, one of the outstanding facile and simple protocols is proposed for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using NaBH4 as a reducing agent and p-tetranitrocalix[4]arene (p-TNC4) as a capping agent. According to our knowledge, no such technique is available in the literature for colorimetric detection of cyclophosphamide (CPA) using CuNPs at the trace level. The well-organized synthesis was confirmed via advanced spectroscopic techniques. The crystallite size, shape, phase purity, and morphological characteristics were determined via XRD, AFM, FT-IR, and UV–visible spectroscopy. At the optimal conditions for CPA detection, the sensor reveals an excellent sensitivity, selectivity, as well as stability with LOD and LOQ 20 nM and 60 nM, respectively. However, the proposed sensor showed excellent potential and selectivity for the sensing of colorimetric detection of CPA that can be effectively applied to real blood serum samples. The proposed approach is better suited as compared to reported protocols in terms of handling, simplicity, economic, energy consumption, reproducibility, and excellent performance in a very short time.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are highly thankful to the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan to provide the finical support thorough the Indigenous Ph.D Fellowship 5000, Phase-II-Batch-VI and National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro, Pakistan.

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  1. National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan

    Ali Hyder, Safia Sanam Memon, Jamil Ahmed Buledi, Shahabuddin Memon, Zafar-ul-Abdin Memon & Dhani Bux Rajpar

  2. International Center for Chemical and Biological Science, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan

    Sirajuddin

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Hyder, A., Memon, S.S., Buledi, J.A. et al. A highly selective sensor based on p-tetranitrocalix[4]arene-capped copper nanoparticles for colorimetric and bare-eye detection of cyclophosphamide. ANAL. SCI. 39, 1981–1992 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44211-023-00408-3

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