Abstract
The design of a household waste collection system must integrate decisions related to planning and control of all related operations, which may generate significant economic impacts to the organization responsible of addressing the problem as well as social impacts to involved communities. This study proposed a mixed integer linear programming model with multiple periods, which aims at designing a household waste collection system for a set of rural islands according to a set of visit patterns with a single barge for a multiple period planning horizon. The proposed model simultaneously optimizes the selection of collection sites or ports for each island and a mainland transfer port to unload the collected household waste along with a set of daily visit sequences associated with the selected ports, while minimizing total waste transportation costs. The proposed model is applied to a particular rural archipelago in southern Chile. The model solution provides an efficient waste collection system design that addresses a current ecological and health problems in the studied area.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abubakar IR, Maniruzzaman KM, Dano UL, AlShihri FS, AlShammari MS, Ahmed SMS, Al-Gehlani WAG, Alrawaf TI (2022) Environmental sustainability impacts of solid waste management practices in the global South. Res Public Health 19(19):12717. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912717
Agüero-Teare, T. (2016) Sitios SIPAM: Rescate y valorización del patrimonio agrícola y cultural de un territorio. Oficina de Estudios y Políticas Agrarias. https://www.odepa.gob.cl/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/sipam2016.pdf
Akhtar M, Hannan MA, Begum RA, Basri H, Scavino E (2017) Backtracking search algorithm in CVRP models for efficient solid waste collection and route optimization. Waste Manage 61:117–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.01.022
Aliahmadi SZ, Barzinpour F, Pishvaee MS (2020) A fuzzy optimization approach to the capacitated node-routing problem for municipal solid waste collection with multiple tours: a case study. Waste Manage Res 38(3):279–290. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X19879754
Arango González DS, Olivares-Benitez E, Miranda PA (2017) Insular biobjective routing with environmental considerations for a solid waste collection system in southern Chile. Adv Oper Res. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4093689
Arribas CA, Blazquez CA, Lamas A (2010) Urban solid waste collection system using mathematical modelling and tools of geographic information systems. Waste Manage Res 28(4):355–363. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X09353435
Beliën J, De Boeck L, Van Ackere J (2014) Municipal solid waste collection and management problems: a literature review. Transp Sci 48(1):78–102. https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1120.0448
Beltrami EJ, Bodin LD (1974) Networks and vehicle routing for municipal waste collection. Networks 4(1):65–94. https://doi.org/10.1002/net.3230040106
Bhambulkar A, Khedikar IP (2011) Municipal solid waste (MSW) collection route for Laxmi Nagar by geographical information system (GIS). Int J Adv Eng Technol 2(4):1–6. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X14554644
Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile, (2020). Reportes comunales, Reporte Comunal de Castro. Retrieved from https://www.bcn.cl/siit/reportescomunales/reporpdf.html?anno=2020andidcom=10201
Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile (2022). Gestión de residuos domiciliarios, Regulación en Chile, Asesoría Técnica Parlamentaria. Retrieved from https://obtienearchivo.bcn.cl/obtienearchivo?id=repositorio/10221/33229/1/BCN_Gestion_de_residuos_domiciliarios_Chile_2022_FINAL.pdf
Campos AA, and Arroyo JEC (2017) An ILS heuristic for the waste collection vehicle routing problem with time windows. In: Intelligent Systems Design and Applications: 16th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (ISDA 2016) held in Porto, Portugal, December 16–18, 2016 (pp. 889–899). Springer International Publishing. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53480-0_88
Christiansen M, Fagerholt K, Ronen D (2004) Ship routing and scheduling: status and perspectives. Transp Sci 38(1):1–18. https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1030.0036
Christiansen M, Fagerholt K, Nygreen B, Ronen D (2013) Ship routing and scheduling in the new millennium. Eur J Oper Res 228(3):467–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2012.12.002
Clarke G, Wright JW (1964) Scheduling of vehicles from a central depot to a number of delivery points. Oper Res 12(4):568–581. https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.12.4.568
Cortinhal MJ, Mourão MC, Nunes AC (2016) Local search heuristics for sectoring routing in a household waste collection context. Eur J Oper Res 255(1):68–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2016.04.013
Delgado-Antequera L, Caballero R, Sánchez-Oro J, Colmenar JM, Martí R (2020a) Iterated greedy with variable neighborhood search for a multiobjective waste collection problem. Expert Syst Appl 145:113101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2019.113101
Delgado-Antequera L, Laguna M, Pacheco J, Caballero R (2020b) A bi-objective solution approach to a real-world waste collection problem. J Oper Res Soc 71(2):183–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2018.1545520
El-Hamouz AM (2008) Logistical management and private sector involvement in reducing the cost of municipal solid waste collection service in the Tubas area of the West Bank. Waste Manage 28(2):260–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2006.11.012
Gatica RA, Miranda PA (2011) Special issue on Latin-American research: a time based discretization approach for ship routing and scheduling with variable speed. Netw Spat Econ 11:465–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11067-010-9132-9
Gómez JR, Pacheco J, Gonzalo-Orden H (2015) A tabu search method for a bi-objective urban waste collection problem. Comput-Aid Civil Infrastruct Eng 30:36–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/mice.12031
Govindan K, Nosrati-Abarghooee S, Nasiri MM, Jolai F (2022) Green reverse logistics network design for medical waste management: a circular economy transition through case approach. J Environ Manage 322:115888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115888
Gruler A, Juan AA, Contreras-Bolton C, and Gatica G (2018) A biased-randomized heuristic for the waste collection problem in smart cities. In: Applied Mathematics and Computational Intelligence 24 (pp 255–263). Springer International Publishing. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75792-6_19
Grupo de Residuos Sólidos, GRS (2009) Diagnóstico para la gestión integral de residuos sólidos en las provincias de Chiloé y Palena. Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaíso, Chile. www.grs-pucv.cl.
Hannan MA, Akhtar M, Begum RA, Basri H, Hussain A, Scavino E (2018) Capacitated vehicle-routing problem model for scheduled solid waste collection and route optimization using PSO algorithm. Waste Manage 71:31–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.10.019
Hauge K, Larsen J, Lusby RM, Krapper E (2014) A hybrid column generation approach for an industrial waste collection routing problem. Comput Ind Eng 71:10–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2014.02.005
Hoffmann A (2016) Guía de Educación Ambiental y Residuos. Acad De Formación Ambiental 1(3):33
Huang SH, Lin PC (2015) Vehicle routing–scheduling for municipal waste collection system under the “Keep Trash off the Ground” policy. Omega 55:24–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2015.02.004
Kim BI, Kim S, Sahoo S (2006) Waste collection vehicle routing problem with time windows. Comput Oper Res 33(12):3624–3642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2005.02.045
Liang YC, Minanda V, Gunawan A (2022) Waste collection routing problem: a mini-review of recent heuristic approaches and applications. Waste Manage Res 40(5):519–537. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X211003975
López-Sánchez AD, Hernández-Díaz AG, Gortázar F, Hinojosa MA (2018) A multiobjective GRASP–VND algorithm to solve the waste collection problem. Int Trans Oper Res 25(2):545–567. https://doi.org/10.1111/itor.12452
Manzini R, Gebennini E (2008) Optimization models for the dynamic facility location and allocation problem. Int J Prod Res 46(8):2061–2086. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207540600847418
Mat NA, Benjamin AM, Abdul-Rahman S (2018a) Efficiency of heuristic algorithms in solving waste collection vehicle routing problem: a case study. J Soc Sci Res, Spec Issue 6:695–700. https://doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi6.695.700
Mat NA, Benjamin AM, Abdul-Rahman S (2018b) Enhanced heuristic algorithms with a vehicle travel speed model for time-dependent vehicle routing: a waste collection problem. J Inform Commun Technol 17(1):55–78. https://doi.org/10.32890/jict2018.17.1.4
Melo MT, Nickel S, Da Gama FS (2006) Dynamic multi-commodity capacitated facility location: a mathematical modeling framework for strategic supply chain planning. Comput Oper Res 33(1):181–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2004.07.005
Miranda PA, Blazquez CA, Vergara R, Weitzler S (2015) A novel methodology for designing a household waste collection system for insular zones. Transp Res Part e: Logistics Transp Review 77:227–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2015.02.019
Miranda PA, Blazquez CA, Obreque C, Maturana-Ross J, Gutierrez-Jarpa G (2018) The bi-objective insular traveling salesman problem with maritime and ground transportation costs. Eur J Oper Res 271(3):1014–1036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2018.05.009
Mofid-Nakhaee E, Barzinpour F (2019) A multi-compartment capacitated arc routing problem with intermediate facilities for solid waste collection using hybrid adaptive large neighborhood search and whale algorithm. Waste Manage Res 37:38–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X18801186
Moghadam MA, Mokhtarani N, Mokhtarani B (2009) Municipal solid waste management in Rasht City. Iran Waste Manage 29(1):485–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.02.029
Mojtahedi M, Fathollahi-Fard AM, Tavakkoli-Moghaddam R, Newton S (2021) Sustainable vehicle routing problem for coordinated solid waste management. J Ind Inf Integr 23:100220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2021.100220
Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas, INE (2017): Census 2017. https://www.censo2017.cl.
Nadgir AS, Kumari SA, Naik SK, Deepthi MV (2017) An effective routing model for collection and transportation of solid waste in Bengaluru South. Urbanization challenges in emerging economies: energy and water infrastructure; transportation infrastructure; and planning and financing. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, pp 11–19
Nevrlý V, Šomplák R, Popela P (2019) Heuristics for waste collection arc routing problem. MENDEL 25(1):15–22. https://doi.org/10.13164/mendel.2019.1.015
Norstad I, Fagerholt K, Laporte G (2011) Tramp ship routing and scheduling with speed optimization. Transp Res Part c: Emerg Technol 19(5):853–865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2010.05.001
Olavarría, J. (septiembre, 2019). ElMostrador (www.elmostrador.cl). Obtained from https://www.elmostrador.cl/noticias/pais/2019/09/17/la-otra-cara-dechiloe-basura-desborda-la-isla-y-plan-de-emergencia-amenaza-concontaminar-las-aguas-subterraneas/?fbclid=IwAR0BSst7VNeSfgc4e0x5opS5RS1NTyE6R36l_lbjCdSef63h27lFvKk03w
Rabanni M, Hamed F-A, Hamed R (2016) A hybrid genetic algorithm for waste collection problem by heterogeneous fleet or vehicles with multiple separated compartments. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 30:1817–1830. https://doi.org/10.3233/IFS-151893
Sackmann D, Hinze R, Michael B, Krieger C, Halifeoglu E (2017) A heuristic for the solution of vehicle routing problems with time windows and multiple dumping sites in waste collection. Investig Oper 38(3):206–215
Shekdar AV (2009) Sustainable solid waste management: an integrated approach for Asian countries. Waste Manage 29(4):1438–1448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.08.025
Soukopová J, Struk M, Hřebíček J (2017) Population age structure and the cost of municipal waste collection. A case study from the Czech Republic. J Environ Manage 203:655–663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.03.030
Šramková K, Šomplák R, Nevrlý V, Jirásek P, Smejkalová V, Popela P (2021) Stratification and multi-representative optimization approach to waste composition analysis. Optim Eng 22(3):1727–1754. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11081-021-09645-9
Sulemana A, Donkor EA, Forkuo EK, Oduro-Kwarteng S (2018) Optimal routing of solid waste collection trucks: a review of methods. J Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4586376
Sulemana A, Donkor EA, Forkuo EK, Oduro-Kwarteng S (2019) Effect of optimal routing on travel distance, travel time and fuel consumption of waste collection trucks. Manage Environ Quality 30(4):803–832. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-07-2018-0134
Thanh PN, Bostel N, Péton O (2008) A dynamic model for facility location in the design of complex supply chains. Int J Prod Econ 113(2):678–693. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207540600847418
Tirkolaee EB, Mahdavi I, Esfahani MMS (2018) A robust periodic capacitated arc routing problem for urban waste collection considering drivers and crew’s working time. Waste Manage 6:138–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.03.015
Tirkolaee EB, Abbasian P, Soltani M, Ghaffarian SA (2019a) Developing an applied algorithm for multi-trip vehicle routing problem with time windows in urban waste collection: a case study. Waste Manage Res 37(1):4–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X18807001
Tirkolaee EB, Alinaghian M, Hosseinabadi AAR et al (2019b) An improved ant colony optimization for the multi-trip capacitated arc routing problem. Comput Electr Eng 77:457–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2018.01.040
Tirkolaee EB, Mahdavi I, Esfahani MMS et al (2020) A hybrid augmented ant colony optimization for the multi-trip capacitated arc routing problem under fuzzy demands for urban solid waste management. Waste Manage Res 38:156–172. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X19865782
Vergara R, and Weitzler S (2010) Diseño de un sistema de retiro de residuos sólidos para sectores insulares y aislados. Memoria para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Industrial. Escuela de Ingeniería Industrial, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
Wesolowsky GO (1973) Dynamic facility location. Manage Sci 19(11):1241–1248. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.19.11.1241
Xue W, Cao K (2016) Optimal routing for waste collection: a case study in Singapore. Int J Geogr Inf Sci 30(3):554–572. https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2015.1103374
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Appendix
Appendix
Matrix Distance Between Nodes (Ports).
Ports | Dalcahue | Dal puerto | Quemchi | Quellón | Coldita | Añihué | Tac | Llingua | Meulín | Quenac | Caguache | Apiao | Chaulinec |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dalcahue | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 82 | 20 | 23 | 13 | 16 | 17 | 23 | 27 | 25 |
Dal puerto | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 82 | 20 | 23 | 13 | 16 | 17 | 23 | 27 | 25 |
Quemchi | 0 | 0 | 0 | 154 | 166 | 33 | 40 | 62 | 59 | 59 | 68.4 | 53 | 56 |
Quellón | 0 | 0 | 154 | 0 | 14 | 164 | 153 | 150 | 146 | 139 | 138 | 129 | 119 |
Coldita | 82 | 82 | 166 | 14 | 0 | 69 | 65 | 62 | 66 | 64 | 57.3 | 52 | 53 |
Añihué | 20 | 20 | 33 | 164 | 69 | 0 | 5.1 | 14 | 6.7 | 9.5 | 12.9 | 17 | 20 |
Tac | 23 | 23 | 40 | 153 | 65 | 5.1 | 0 | 19 | 11 | 17 | 11.3 | 14 | 18 |
Llingua | 13 | 13 | 62 | 150 | 62 | 14 | 19 | 0 | 9.3 | 5.6 | 11.3 | 16 | 20 |
Meulín | 16 | 16 | 59 | 146 | 66 | 6.7 | 11 | 9.3 | 0 | 4.6 | 9.3 | 14 | 18 |
Quenac | 17 | 17 | 59 | 139 | 64 | 9.5 | 17 | 5.6 | 4.6 | 0 | 5.9 | 11 | 14 |
Caguache | 23 | 23 | 68 | 138 | 57 | 13 | 11 | 11 | 9.3 | 5.9 | 0 | 5.4 | 8.9 |
Apiao | 27 | 27 | 53 | 129 | 52 | 17 | 14 | 16 | 14 | 11 | 5.4 | 0 | 4.1 |
Chaulinec | 25 | 25 | 56 | 119 | 53 | 20 | 18 | 20 | 18 | 14 | 8.9 | 4.1 | 0 |
Alao | 24 | 24 | 52 | 121 | 53 | 21 | 19 | 20 | 18 | 15 | 9.4 | 5.1 | 1.6 |
Aulén | 63 | 63 | 189 | 252 | 101 | 44 | 41 | 57 | 57 | 55 | 54.8 | 61 | 59 |
Chelín 1 | 15 | 15 | 45 | 137 | 69 | 30 | 34 | 20 | 25 | 22 | 16.2 | 15 | 11 |
Chelín 2 | 19 | 19 | 51 | 138 | 62 | 28 | 32 | 19 | 24 | 20 | 13.8 | 14 | 10 |
Quehui 1 | 21 | 21 | 52 | 139 | 61 | 27 | 33 | 19 | 24 | 21 | 14.6 | 15 | 11 |
Quehui 2 | 20 | 20 | 53 | 139 | 60 | 27 | 32 | 18 | 23 | 20 | 13.7 | 14 | 10 |
Cailín 1 | 70 | 70 | 151 | 2.8 | 8.4 | 70 | 74 | 61 | 66 | 62 | 57.7 | 56 | 52 |
Cailín 2 | 71 | 71 | 156 | 7.4 | 9.8 | 72 | 76 | 62 | 67 | 64 | 59.1 | 57 | 54 |
Laitec 1 | 83 | 83 | 172 | 20 | 3.7 | 73 | 69 | 70 | 69 | 65 | 59.9 | 53 | 53 |
Laitec 2 | 77 | 77 | 163 | 6.4 | 2.8 | 67 | 63 | 68 | 66 | 64 | 55.2 | 47 | 48 |
Caucahué 1 | 30 | 30 | 3.1 | 194 | 92 | 21 | 22 | 25 | 20 | 22 | 27.6 | 31 | 35 |
Caucahué 2 | 25 | 25 | 7 | 190 | 87 | 16 | 17 | 20 | 15 | 17 | 22.9 | 26 | 30 |
Mechuque 1 | 22 | 22 | 27 | 170 | 70 | 3.6 | 7.7 | 16 | 11 | 14 | 17.6 | 21 | 25 |
Mechuque 2 | 20 | 20 | 33 | 170 | 71 | 3.5 | 7.9 | 13 | 9.3 | 12 | 16.7 | 20 | 24 |
Lin Lin 1 | 10 | 10 | 55 | 152 | 65 | 9.7 | 13 | 8.8 | 6.8 | 7 | 13.7 | 19 | 22 |
Lin Lin 2 | 11 | 11 | 49 | 149 | 63 | 11 | 14 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 11.3 | 16 | 20 |
Ayacara Buill 1 | 39 | 39 | 63 | 194 | 74 | 21 | 18 | 35 | 33 | 29 | 29.2 | 35 | 36 |
Ayacara Buill 2 | 43 | 43 | 76 | 189 | 74 | 29 | 23 | 34 | 32 | 27 | 28.2 | 31 | 30 |
Tranqui 1 | 43 | 43 | 99 | 62 | 42 | 47 | 52 | 33 | 38 | 36 | 29.8 | 29 | 25 |
Tranqui 2 | 54 | 54 | 116 | 45 | 28 | 57 | 63 | 44 | 49 | 47 | 40.5 | 39 | 35 |
Tranqui 3 | 57 | 57 | 123 | 38 | 24 | 60 | 67 | 47 | 52 | 50 | 43.5 | 42 | 38 |
Butachauques 1 | 29 | 29 | 32 | 170 | 73 | 10 | 9.8 | 24 | 18 | 22 | 18.2 | 22 | 26 |
Butachauques 2 | 31 | 31 | 35 | 173 | 74 | 12 | 12 | 27 | 19 | 24 | 23.5 | 27 | 31 |
Butachauques 3 | 32 | 32 | 35 | 176 | 75 | 12 | 12 | 28 | 22 | 25 | 23.7 | 28 | 32 |
Ports | Alao | Aulén | Chelín 1 | Chelín 2 | Quehui 1 | Quehui 2 | Cailín 1 | Cailín 2 | Laitec 1 | Laitec 2 | Caucahué 1 | Caucahué 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dalcahue | 24 | 63.4 | 15 | 19 | 21 | 20 | 70 | 71 | 83 | 77 | 30 | 25 |
Dal puerto | 24 | 63.4 | 15 | 19 | 21 | 20 | 70 | 71 | 83 | 77 | 30 | 25 |
Quemchi | 52 | 189 | 45 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 151 | 156 | 172 | 163 | 3.1 | 7 |
Quellón | 121 | 252 | 137 | 138 | 139 | 139 | 2.8 | 7.4 | 20 | 6.4 | 194 | 190 |
Coldita | 53 | 101 | 69 | 62 | 61 | 60 | 8.4 | 9.8 | 3.7 | 2.8 | 92 | 87 |
Añihué | 21 | 43.5 | 30 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 70 | 72 | 73 | 67 | 21 | 16 |
Tac | 19 | 41.4 | 34 | 32 | 33 | 32 | 74 | 76 | 69 | 63 | 22 | 17 |
Llingua | 20 | 56.5 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 61 | 62 | 70 | 68 | 25 | 20 |
Meulín | 18 | 57.4 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 66 | 67 | 69 | 66 | 20 | 15 |
Quenac | 15 | 55.1 | 22 | 20 | 21 | 20 | 62 | 64 | 65 | 64 | 22 | 17 |
Caguache | 9.4 | 54.8 | 16 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 55 | 28 | 23 |
Apiao | 5.1 | 61.2 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 56 | 57 | 53 | 47 | 31 | 26 |
Chaulinec | 1.6 | 59.2 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 52 | 54 | 53 | 48 | 35 | 30 |
Alao | 0 | 57.6 | 11 | 9.4 | 10 | 9.5 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 49 | 35 | 31 |
Aulén | 58 | 0 | 71 | 71 | 72 | 71 | 96 | 98 | 103 | 96 | 44 | 39 |
Chelín 1 | 11 | 71.4 | 0 | 5 | 5.9 | 5.3 | 58 | 60 | 72 | 63 | 41 | 37 |
Chelín 2 | 9.4 | 70.9 | 5 | 0 | 1.6 | 1 | 55 | 56 | 64 | 59 | 39 | 35 |
Quehui 1 | 10 | 72 | 5.9 | 1.6 | 0 | 0.9 | 54 | 56 | 64 | 59 | 38 | 34 |
Quehui 2 | 9.5 | 71.1 | 5.3 | 1 | 0.9 | 0 | 53 | 55 | 63 | 58 | 37 | 33 |
Cailín 1 | 52 | 96.2 | 58 | 55 | 54 | 53 | 0 | 1.9 | 11 | 5.7 | 82 | 78 |
Cailín 2 | 53 | 97.6 | 60 | 56 | 56 | 55 | 1.9 | 0 | 13 | 7.1 | 84 | 80 |
Laitec 1 | 54 | 103 | 72 | 64 | 64 | 63 | 11 | 13 | 0 | 6 | 87 | 84 |
Laitec 2 | 49 | 96.1 | 63 | 59 | 59 | 58 | 5.7 | 7.1 | 6 | 0 | 83 | 79 |
Caucahué 1 | 35 | 44 | 41 | 39 | 38 | 37 | 82 | 84 | 87 | 83 | 0 | 4.7 |
Caucahué 2 | 31 | 39.3 | 37 | 35 | 34 | 33 | 78 | 80 | 84 | 79 | 4.7 | 0 |
Mechuque 1 | 26 | 45.3 | 33 | 32 | 31 | 30 | 71 | 72 | 74 | 68 | 13 | 8.3 |
Mechuque 2 | 25 | 48.5 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 70 | 72 | 75 | 68 | 15 | 11 |
Lin Lin 1 | 23 | 52.9 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 65 | 67 | 73 | 72 | 20 | 15 |
Lin Lin 2 | 20 | 54.3 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 63 | 65 | 71 | 70 | 21 | 16 |
Ayacara Buill 1 | 35 | 36.4 | 46 | 44 | 46 | 45 | 73 | 74 | 76 | 70 | 35 | 31 |
Ayacara Buill 2 | 34 | 44.9 | 44 | 43 | 45 | 44 | 72 | 73 | 75 | 69 | 44 | 39 |
Tranqui 1 | 24 | 76 | 33 | 26 | 27 | 26 | 35 | 37 | 45 | 40 | 58 | 54 |
Tranqui 2 | 35 | 86.7 | 44 | 35 | 36 | 35 | 22 | 24 | 30 | 25 | 69 | 65 |
Tranqui 3 | 38 | 89.7 | 45 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 18 | 20 | 27 | 21 | 72 | 68 |
Butachauques 1 | 27 | 34.1 | 40 | 37 | 38 | 37 | 80 | 81 | 78 | 71 | 17 | 13 |
Butachauques 2 | 32 | 36.6 | 42 | 39 | 40 | 39 | 82 | 83 | 79 | 72 | 19 | 14 |
Butachauques 3 | 32 | 36.9 | 42 | 38 | 38 | 37 | 82 | 83 | 79 | 73 | 19 | 14 |
Ports | Mechuque 1 | Mechuque 2 | Lin Lin 1 | Lin Lin 2 | Ayacara Buill 1 | Ayacara Buill 2 | Tranqui 1 | Tranqui 2 | Tranqui 3 | Butachauques 1 | Butachauques 2 | Butachauques 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dalcahue | 22 | 20 | 9.8 | 11 | 39 | 43 | 43 | 54 | 57 | 29 | 31 | 32 |
Dal puerto | 22 | 20 | 9.8 | 11 | 39 | 43 | 43 | 54 | 57 | 29 | 31 | 32 |
Quemchi | 27 | 33 | 55 | 49 | 63 | 76 | 99 | 116 | 123 | 32 | 35 | 35 |
Quellón | 170 | 170 | 152 | 149 | 194 | 189 | 62 | 45 | 38 | 170 | 173 | 176 |
Coldita | 70 | 71 | 65 | 63 | 74 | 74 | 42 | 28 | 24 | 73 | 74 | 75 |
Añihué | 3.6 | 3.5 | 9.7 | 11 | 21 | 29 | 47 | 57 | 60 | 10 | 12 | 12 |
Tac | 7.7 | 7.9 | 13 | 14 | 18 | 23 | 52 | 63 | 67 | 9.8 | 12 | 12 |
Llingua | 16 | 13 | 8.8 | 4.5 | 35 | 34 | 33 | 44 | 47 | 24 | 27 | 28 |
Meulín | 11 | 9.3 | 6.8 | 5.5 | 33 | 32 | 38 | 49 | 52 | 18 | 19 | 22 |
Quenac | 14 | 12 | 7 | 5.7 | 29 | 27 | 36 | 47 | 50 | 22 | 24 | 25 |
Caguache | 18 | 17 | 14 | 11 | 29 | 28 | 30 | 41 | 44 | 18 | 24 | 24 |
Apiao | 21 | 20 | 19 | 16 | 35 | 31 | 29 | 39 | 42 | 22 | 27 | 28 |
Chaulinec | 25 | 24 | 22 | 20 | 36 | 30 | 25 | 35 | 38 | 26 | 31 | 32 |
Alao | 26 | 25 | 23 | 20 | 35 | 34 | 24 | 35 | 38 | 27 | 32 | 32 |
Aulén | 45 | 49 | 53 | 54 | 36 | 45 | 76 | 87 | 90 | 34 | 37 | 37 |
Chelín 1 | 33 | 29 | 24 | 21 | 46 | 44 | 33 | 44 | 45 | 40 | 42 | 42 |
Chelín 2 | 32 | 28 | 23 | 22 | 44 | 43 | 26 | 35 | 38 | 37 | 39 | 38 |
Quehui 1 | 31 | 28 | 23 | 22 | 46 | 45 | 27 | 36 | 39 | 38 | 40 | 38 |
Quehui 2 | 30 | 27 | 22 | 21 | 45 | 44 | 26 | 35 | 39 | 37 | 39 | 37 |
Cailín 1 | 71 | 70 | 65 | 63 | 73 | 72 | 35 | 22 | 18 | 80 | 82 | 82 |
Cailín 2 | 72 | 72 | 67 | 65 | 74 | 73 | 37 | 24 | 20 | 81 | 83 | 83 |
Laitec 1 | 74 | 75 | 73 | 71 | 76 | 75 | 45 | 30 | 27 | 78 | 79 | 79 |
Laitec 2 | 68 | 68 | 72 | 70 | 70 | 69 | 40 | 25 | 21 | 71 | 72 | 73 |
Caucahué 1 | 13 | 15 | 20 | 21 | 35 | 44 | 58 | 69 | 72 | 17 | 19 | 19 |
Caucahué 2 | 8.3 | 11 | 15 | 16 | 31 | 39 | 54 | 65 | 68 | 13 | 14 | 14 |
Mechuque 1 | 0 | 3.6 | 12 | 13 | 23 | 32 | 50 | 60 | 63 | 11 | 12 | 12 |
Mechuque 2 | 3.6 | 0 | 9.1 | 10 | 26 | 35 | 46 | 57 | 60 | 11 | 12 | 12 |
Lin Lin 1 | 12 | 9.1 | 0 | 3.4 | 30 | 36 | 37 | 48 | 51 | 20 | 22 | 23 |
Lin Lin 2 | 13 | 10 | 3.4 | 0 | 31 | 36 | 35 | 46 | 49 | 21 | 23 | 24 |
Ayacara Buill 1 | 23 | 26 | 30 | 31 | 0 | 4 | 51 | 62 | 65 | 21 | 22 | 23 |
Ayacara Buill 2 | 32 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 4 | 0 | 51 | 62 | 65 | 25 | 27 | 27 |
Tranqui 1 | 50 | 46 | 37 | 35 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 10 | 13 | 55 | 57 | 57 |
Tranqui 2 | 60 | 57 | 48 | 46 | 62 | 62 | 10 | 0 | 4.7 | 66 | 68 | 68 |
Tranqui 3 | 63 | 60 | 51 | 49 | 65 | 65 | 13 | 4.7 | 0 | 69 | 71 | 71 |
Butachauques 1 | 11 | 11 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 25 | 55 | 66 | 69 | 0 | 1.6 | 2 |
Butachauques 2 | 12 | 12 | 22 | 23 | 22 | 27 | 57 | 68 | 71 | 1.6 | 0 | 1.8 |
Butachauques 3 | 12 | 12 | 23 | 24 | 23 | 27 | 57 | 68 | 71 | 2 | 1.8 | 0 |
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Zambra-Rivera, M., Miranda-González, P.A. & Blazquez, C.A. A multiperiod household waste collection system for a set of rural islands with dynamic transfer port selection. Optim Eng (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11081-023-09862-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11081-023-09862-4