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Shark fish oil prevents scopolamine-induced memory impairment in an experimental model

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Abstract

Fish oil has been known for its antioxidant, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective characteristics due to the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that are essential for optimal brain function and mental health. The present study investigated the effect of Carcharhinus Bleekeri (Shark Fish) oil on learning and memory functions in scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats. Locomotor and memory-enhancing activity in scopolamine-induced amnesic rats was investigated by assessing the open field and passive avoidance paradigm. Forty male Albino mice were divided into 4 equal groups (n = 10) as bellow: 1 – control (received 0.9% saline), 2 – SCOP (received scopolamine 2 mg/kg for 21 days), 3 – SCOP + SFO (received scopolamine and fish oil 5 mg/kg/ day for 21 days), 4 – SCOP + Donepezil groups (received 3 mg/kg/day for 21 days). SFO produced significant (P < 0.01) locomotor and memory-enhancing activities in open-field and passive avoidance paradigm models. Additionally, SFO restored the Acetylcholine (ACh) concentration in the hippocampus (p < 0.05) and remarkably prevented the degradation of monoamines. Histology of brain tissue showed marked cellular distortion in the scopolamine-treated group, while the SFO treatment restored distortion in the brain's hippocampus region. These results suggest that the SFO significantly ameliorates scopolamine-induced spatial memory impairment by attenuating the ACh and monoamine concentrations in the rat’s hippocampus.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan

    Sadaf Naeem & Yousra Shafiq

  2. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan

    Sadaf Naeem & Liaquat Ali

  3. Department of Pathology, Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan

    Nazish Jaffar

  4. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

    Saira Saeed Khan

  5. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan

    Sadia Suri

  6. Dow Institute of Medical Technology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan

    Anosh Tahir

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  1. Sadaf Naeem
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  2. Liaquat Ali
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Contributions

Sadaf Naeem designed and conceptualized the idea. Liaquat Ali performed the experimental studies. Nazish Jaffer performed the histopathology of the brain, while Saira Saeed Khan and Sadaf Naeem wrote and edited the manuscript. Yousra Shafiq and Anosh Tahir were involved in experimental work and did the final review and editing. Sadia Suri did the statistical analysis and picture editing.

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Correspondence to Sadaf Naeem.

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Ethical clearance was requested and approved by the ethical committee of Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan, Ref # IRB-143/HU-12. Experimental animals were handled and cared for during experimental procedures according to the internationally accepted laboratory animals' use, care, and welfare guideline.

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Highlights

• Shark fish oil treated animals showed gradually reduced numbers of squares crossing activity in open field after 21 days dose administration showing anxiolytic like effect.

• Shark fish oil treated groups after 7th, 14th and 21 days showed highly significant increase in time spent in Central Square in relation to control and negative control animals that also showed anxiolytic activity.

• Scopolamine induced dementia mice treated with fish oil showed normal hippocampus and cortex sections with reduced edema and vacuolation in comparison of negative control group.

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Naeem, S., Ali, L., Jaffar, N. et al. Shark fish oil prevents scopolamine-induced memory impairment in an experimental model. Metab Brain Dis 39, 15–27 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-023-01320-5

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